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Three players bring their avatars to the same in-game location to start a quest together. As they arrive, the gnome bounces on the spot and waves. The elf throws back her head in laughter before dancing with a provocative hip sway. The human salutes smartly and bows. Each of these gestures communicates information about the avatars themselves and about the interaction choices of the players controlling them. An avatar's movement includes a range of motions, from programmed gaits and postures to the ways in which the avatar moves in and through virtual space as guided by the player. Gestures are a subset of this movement -- a specific kind of motion that encodes personal, social, and cultural information. Gestures can be decoded by others who share an understanding of the relevant codes, communicating information about intentions, emotions, and responses to events and to other people. Gesture and movement can play a key role in avatar-mediated relationships-both in interactions with other players and in information exchanges between players and their own avatars. The importance of these conveyances may be intensified in immersive gaming as an avatar's digital body becomes more closely aligned with a player's physical body, with the potential for influences on the player's embodied experience.

Human locomotion. --- Virtual reality.

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Running --- Aerobic exercises --- Animal locomotion --- Human locomotion --- History.

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Fish tagging --- Chinook salmon --- Fishes --- Environmental aspects. --- Behavior. --- Physiology. --- Locomotion.

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La marche constitue un processus extrêmement complexe qui implique des fonctions motrices sensitives et intégratrices : c'est un défi que l'homme relève quotidiennement.Son étude constitue donc un enjeu majeur de la kinésithérapie/physiothérapie et de la rééducation médico-chirurgicale.

Homme --- Locomotion humaine --- Rééducation motrice --- Phénomènes physiologiques du système locomoteur --- Phénomènes biomécaniques --- Maladies ostéomusculaires --- Attitude et mouvement --- Movement disorders --- Locomotion --- Human locomotion --- Physical therapy --- Locomotion humaine. --- Rééducation motrice. --- Phénomènes physiologiques du système locomoteur. --- Phénomènes biomécaniques. --- Maladies ostéomusculaires. --- Medical rehabilitation --- Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Joints --- Attitude et mouvement. --- Diseases --- Movement Disorders. --- Locomotion. --- Rééducation motrice. --- Movement Disorders

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Cephalopods usually have large and mobile eyes with which they constantly scan their environment. The eyes of cephalopods are single-chamber eyes which show resemblance to vertebrate eyes. However there are marked differences such as the cephalopod eye having an everted retina instead of an inverted retina found in vertebrates. Their visual system allows the cephalopods, depending on species, to discriminate objects on the basis of their shapes or sizes, images from mirror images or to learn from the observation of others. The cephalopod visual system is also polarization sensitive and controls camouflage, an extraordinary ability almost exclusive to all cephalopods; they are capable of rapidly adapting their body coloration as well as altering their body shape to any background, in almost any condition and even during self-motion. Visual scene analysis ultimately leads to motor outputs that cause an appropriate change in skin coloration or texture by acting directly on chromatophores or papillae in the skin. Mirroring these numerous functions of the visual system, large parts of the cephalopod brain are devoted to the processing of visual information. This research topic focuses on current advances in the knowledge of cephalopod vision. It is designed to facilitate merging questions, approaches and data available through the work of different researchers working on different aspects of cephalopod vision. Thus the research topic creates mutual awareness, and facilitates the growth of a field of research with a long tradition - cephalopod vision, visual perception and cognition as well as the mechanisms of camouflage. This research topic emerged from a workshop on “Vision in cephalopods” as part of the COST Action FA1301.

visual system --- cuttlefish --- visual ecology --- visually guided locomotion --- MRI --- octopus --- optic lobes --- eye development --- camouflage --- visual cognition