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Economic law --- European Union --- Antitrust law --- Cartels --- Concurrence --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- EPUB-ALPHA-F EPUB-LIV-FT LIVDROIT STRADA-B --- Droit européen --- Droit européen. --- E-books

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Cartels, trusts and agreements to reduce competition between firms have existed for centuries, but became particularly prevalent toward the end of the 19th century. In the mid-20th century governments began to use so called ‘cartel registers’ to monitor and regulate their behaviour. This book provides cases studies from more than a dozen countries to examine the emergence, application and eventual decline of this form of regulation. Beginning with a comparison of the attitudes to regulation that led to monitoring, rather than prohibiting cartels, this book examines the international studies on cartels undertaken by the League of Nations before World War II. This is followed by a series of studies on the context of the registers, including the international context of the European Union, and the importance of lobby groups in shaping regulatory outcomes, using Finland as an example. Section two provides a broad international comparison of several countries’ registers, with individual studies on Norway, Australia, Japan, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands. After examining the impact of registration on business behaviour in the insurance industry, this book concludes with an overview of the lessons to be learnt from 20th century efforts to regulate competition. With a foreword by Harm Schroter, this book outlines the rise and fall of a system that allowed nations to tailor their approach to regulating competition to their individual circumstances whilst also responding to the pressures of globalisation that emerged after the Second World War. This book is suitable for those who are interested in and study economic history, international economics and business history.

Cartels --- Cartels. --- Competition --- Competition. --- Karteller --- Konkurrens --- History --- Historia. --- 1900-1999. --- 1900-talet. --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Combinations, Industrial --- Combinations in restraint of trade --- Industrial combinations --- Big business --- Restraint of trade --- Commodity control --- Interlocking directorates --- Economic aspects --- Law and legislation --- agreement --- anticompetitive --- anti-competitive --- authorities --- behaviour --- cartel --- policy --- register --- registration --- vertical

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Shifting Kenya's private sector into higher gear: a trade and competitiveness agenda' was born out of the World Bank's Trade and Competitiveness (T&C) Global Practice recent stock taking of its work in Kenya. This was part of a Programmatic Approach that aimed to organize T&C's knowledge, advisory, and convening services to address Kenya's development challenges in the private sector space. By Sub-Saharan African standards, Kenya has a large private sector, which accounts for around 70 percent of total formal employment. As a result, the dynamics of the private sector are a key determinant of the trajectory of the Kenyan economy. The country's product market regulations a restrictive for domestic competitors and foreign entrants, and the actions of cartels and behavior of dominant firms across sectors undermines competition and hurts consumers. The Kenyan Government recognizes these challenges and has invested significantly in unlocking these bottlenecks with impressive results so far and several important laws passed. Additional efforts to ease regulatory constraints and expedite important legislative changes could improve the investment climate at national and county levels.

Administrative Procedures --- Best Practices --- Business --- Business Environment --- Business Regulation --- Capacity Building --- Cartels --- Climate Change --- Competition --- Competitiveness and Competition Policy --- Credit --- Electricity --- Enterprise Surveys --- Environment --- Export Competitiveness --- Export Development and Competitiveness --- Financial and Private Sector Development --- Financial Services --- Global Economy --- Incentives --- Land --- Law Enforcement --- Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Support --- Open Markets --- Outsourcing --- Price Fixing --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Productivity --- Regulation and Competition Policy --- Software --- Technical Assistance --- Telecommunications --- Trade --- Trade and Integration --- Value Chains

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Does too much competition in banking hurt society? What policies can best protect and stabilize banking without stifling it? Institutional responses to such questions have evolved over time, from interventionist regulatory control after the Great Depression to the liberalization policies that started in the United States in the 1970s. The global financial crisis of 2007-2009, which originated from an oversupply of credit, once again raised questions about excessive banking competition and what should be done about it. Competition and Stability in Banking addresses the critical relationships between competition, regulation, and stability, and the implications of coordinating banking regulations with competition policies.Xavier Vives argues that while competition is not responsible for fragility in banking, there are trade-offs between competition and stability. Well-designed regulations would alleviate these trade-offs but not eliminate them, and the specificity of competition in banking should be accounted for. Vives argues that regulation and competition policy should be coordinated, with tighter prudential requirements in more competitive situations, but he also shows that supervisory and competition authorities should stand separate from each other, each pursuing its own objective. Vives reviews the theory and empirics of banking competition, drawing on up-to-date analysis that incorporates the characteristics of modern market-based banking, and he looks at regulation, competition policies, and crisis interventions in Europe and the United States, as well as in emerging economies.Focusing on why banking competition policies are necessary, Competition and Stability in Banking examines regulation's impact on the industry's efficiency and effectiveness.

Private finance --- Banks and banking. --- Banks and banking --- Competition. --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Government policy. --- 333.139.2 --- 333.106 --- Bankcontrole en -reglementering. Reglementering van het bankberoep. --- Kost, rendabiliteit en concurrentie in de banken. --- Competition --- Economic aspects --- Bankcontrole en -reglementering. Reglementering van het bankberoep --- Kost, rendabiliteit en concurrentie in de banken --- Government policy --- Europe. --- European Union. --- United States. --- asymmetric information. --- banking sector. --- cartels. --- competition policy. --- competition. --- concentration. --- consolidation. --- consumer protection. --- contagion. --- credit. --- crisis interventions. --- deregulation. --- developing economies. --- economic growth. --- emerging economies. --- financial crisis. --- financial innovation. --- financial intermediation. --- financial sector. --- fragility. --- industrial organization approach. --- macroprudential regulation. --- mergers. --- network externalities. --- pricing. --- product differentiation. --- prudential regulation. --- regulation. --- regulatory failure. --- regulatory reform. --- restrictive agreements. --- risk taking. --- safety net. --- savings banks. --- shadow banking. --- stability. --- state aid. --- state ownership. --- systemic risk. --- two-sided markets.

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Bleak short-term economic outlook raises the risk that social and environmental achievements may not be sustained. The changed economic circumstances have exposed shortcomings in Brazil's development model, epitomized by the struggle to achieve a sustainable fiscal policy. Against this background, some Brazilians are now asking whether the gains of the past decade might have been an illusion, created by the commodity boom, but unsustainable in today's less forgiving international environment. Brazil thus finds itself at an important juncture and, to a certain extent, the policy course set today will determine whether the country can sustain the gains of the past and return to a path of solid, inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth. This Systematic Country Diagnostic offers a contribution to the debate about Brazil's future development.

Access of Poor to Social Services --- Access to Information --- Agricultural Subsidies --- Air Pollution --- Air Quality --- Audits --- Cancer --- Capital Markets --- Carbon Emissions --- Cartels --- Climate Change --- Commercial Banks --- Competition --- Credit --- Debt --- Decision Making --- Deforestation --- Demographics --- Developed Countries --- Drinking Water --- Economic Development --- Economics --- Economies of Scale --- Education For All --- Emission Reductions --- Emissions --- Environment --- Environment and Natural Resource Management --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Environmental Policy --- Equity --- Expenditures --- Financial Subsidies --- Food Production --- Health System Performance --- Human Development --- Incentives --- Labor Costs --- Land --- Logging --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Natural Resources --- Patents --- Political Economy --- Population Growth --- Poverty Reduction --- Property Rights --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Governance --- Purchasing Power --- Risk Management --- Securities --- Tariffs --- Tax Reform --- Taxes --- Trade --- Transaction Costs --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Waste Management --- Water Pollution --- Water Resource Management