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"Antarctica, one of the world's last great wildernesses, presents special challenges for international law. Fears that Antarctica would become a front in the Cold War catalysed agreement on the 1959 Antarctic Treaty which neither legitimised nor challenged the existing sovereign claims to the continent. The unique Antarctic Treaty System has provided the foundation for peaceful, harmonious and effective governance. There are, however, new anxieties about the frozen continent and the Southern Ocean. Antarctica already feels the effects of climate change and ocean acidification. Claimant states assert rights to the Antarctic continental shelf and interest in Antarctic resources grows. Tourism brings new environmental and safety risks. China and other powers are increasing their activities, with some questioning the consensus of the 'Antarctic club'. Security concerns are increasingly discussed, despite Antarctica's dedication to peaceful purposes. This book brings together the main primary international materials concerning the regulation and governance of Antarctica, including multilateral and bilateral treaties, United Nations materials, 'soft laws' and judicial decisions. It covers the spectrum of Antarctic issues from environmental protection to scientific cooperation to tourism. As it shows, Antarctic law has constantly adapted to meet new challenges and is a sophisticated, inclusive, dynamic and responsive regime."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Antarctic Treaty system. --- Antarctica --- International status.

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"In the wake of the Ukraine conflict and Russian hostility towards NATO, the United States has proven to be the most important Ally of the Central and Eastern European (CEE) states. The U.S. has been implementing deterrence and reassurance measures on a faster and bigger scale than other countries, and U.S. actions have been received well by CEE countries, which are concerned about Russia's actions. Nevertheless, the permanent basing of NATO, especially U.S., combat forces is still a priority for Poland and the Baltic States, due to the need to provide highly credible deterrence. From Washington's perspective, however, such deployments are impeded by numerous financial and political factors, including opposition from some European states, which fear that the move might escalate tensions with Russia. In the context of the 2016 Warsaw summit, CEE countries should strive for stronger U.S. leadership in shaping a new agreement within NATO. Although deployment of bigger units would be best for these states, they should also consider solutions that are more viable under current political and financial limitations, such as a permanent presence of smaller combat forces. Moreover, there is a need for further enhancement of U.S. and NATO abilities to reinforce the eastern flank in the event of a conflict, also through the development of Allied infrastructure in the region and the pre-positioning of additional military equipment.".

National security --- Security, International. --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- Armed Forces.

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Die Polizeikooperation in der EU war lange Zeit intergouvernemental organisiert. Durch den Vertrag von Lissabon (2009) ist sie mit der gemeinsamen Justiz- und Innenpolitik voll in die Europäische Union integriert worden. Was hat sich seither verändert, welche Probleme bestehen fort? Welche praktischen Auswirkungen haben die neuen Regeln des Vertrages von Lissabon? Wie nutzt das Europäische Parlament seinen formal gewachsenen Einfluss? Welche Rolle spielen Menschenrechte und Datenschutz? Die Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis analysieren Kontinuität und Wandel der Polizeikooperation

Police --- Police --- International cooperation --- Treaty on European Union --- Europe

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"This is the new English edition of a Commentary on the basic European Treaties which has already been very successfully published in five earlier editions in German. It comprises concise article-by-article commentaries on the most recent versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, supplemented by the Charter of Fundamental Rights (including the comments of the European Convention's Presidency) and the Treaty Protocols. The authors, all of them specialists on European law, provide a compact overview of the European primary law and also refer to the relevant secondary law. Each commentary contains an introduction to the particular legal area at issue and gives particular importance to the current case law of the European Court of Justice."--Bloomsbury Publishing This is the new English edition of a Commentary on the basic European Treaties which has already been very successfully published in five earlier editions in German. It comprises concise article-by-article commentaries on the most recent versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, supplemented by the Charter of Fundamental Rights (including the comments of the European Convention's Presidency) and the Treaty Protocols. The authors, all of them specialists on European law, provide a compact overview of the European primary law and also refer to the relevant secondary law. Each commentary contains an introduction to the particular legal area at issue and gives particular importance to the current case law of the European Court of Justice

Treaty-making power --- Law --- European Union. --- European Economic Community. --- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, --- Treaty on European Union, --- European Union countries --- Foreign relations --- Treaties.

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The political, military and economic parameters of German power influence the vision of the international order that Berlin favours. Politically, Germany is a regional power in the EU with considerable diplomatic potential. Economically, it is the world's third largest power with growing global trade and investment links. At the same time, Germany's military potential is limited and the German strategic culture makes the country sceptical about the use of military instruments. Berlin is thus essentially interested in maintaining peace and stability, both in Europe and globally, and in developing diplomatic mechanisms to manage regional and global crises and conflicts. // The German preference for dialogue and compromise in conflict situations in the regional and global dimensions may increasingly pose a risk to maintaining the cohesion and credibility of NATO – both from the perspective of the USA and Germany’s allies from Central-Eastern and Northern Europe.

Politics / Political Sciences --- Politics --- Security and defense --- Military policy --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization