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While the Arab uprisings have overturned the idea of Arab 'exceptionalism', or the acceptance of authoritarianism, better analysis of authoritarianism's resilience in pre- and post-uprising scenarios is still needed. This book undertakes this task by addressing not only the mechanisms that allowed Middle Eastern regimes to survive and adapt for decades, but also the obstacles that certain countries face in their current transition to democracy. This volumes analyzes the role of ruling elites, Islamists, and others, as well as variables such as bureaucracy, patronage, the strength of security apparatuses, and ideological legitimacy to ascertain regimes' life expectancies and these factors' post-uprisings repercussions. Discussing not only the paradigms through which the region has been analyzed, but also providing in-depth case studies of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran, the authors arrive at critical conclusions about dictatorship and possibilities for its transformation.

AUTHORITARIANISM--MIDDLE EAST

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Dictatorship. --- Authoritarianism. --- Democracy. --- Comparative government. --- Dictatorship --- Authoritarianism --- Democracy --- Comparative government

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Despite the dominant narrative of the repression of civil society in China, Civil Society under Authoritarianism: The China Model argues that interactions between local officials and civil society facilitate a learning process, whereby each actor learns about the intentions and work processes of the other. Over the past two decades, often facilitated by foreign donors and problems within the general social framework, these interactions generated a process in which officials learned the benefits and disadvantages of civil society. Civil society supports local officials' efforts to provide social services and improve public policies, yet it also engages in protest and other activities that challenge social stability and development. This duality motivates local officials in China to construct a 'social management' system - known as consultative authoritarianism - to encourage the beneficial aspects and discourage the dangerous ones.

Civil society --- Authoritarianism --- Political science --- Authority

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"Comparative constitutional law is an intellectually vibrant field that encompasses an increasingly broad array of approaches and methodologies. This series collects analytically innovative and empirically grounded work from scholars of comparative constitutionalism across academic disciplines. Books in the series include theoretically informed studies of single constitutional jurisdictions, comparative studies of constitutional law and institutions, and edited collections of original essays that respond to challenging theoretical and empirical questions in the field"-- "This volume explores the form and function of constitutions in countries without the fully articulated institutions of limited government"--

Constitutional law. --- Authoritarianism. --- Political science --- Authority --- Constitutional law --- Constitutional limitations --- Constitutionalism --- Constitutions --- Limitations, Constitutional --- Public law --- Administrative law --- Interpretation and construction --- Authoritarianism --- Egypte --- Kirghizistan --- Chine --- Ukraine

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By their very nature, all democracies have the potential to destroy themselves. But this fact is too rarely documented by acolytles of the system. In the decades since Joseph Goebbels, then Reich Minister of Propaganda, reminded the world that it "will always remain one of the best jokes of democracy, that it gave its deadly enemies the means by which it was destroyed", democrats have quickly forgotten just how precarious a political framework it can be. Using the collapse of democracy in ancient Athens and the Weimar Republic, as well as the uncertain fate of democratic rule in the United States and China today as illustrative examples, Mark Chou examines the conditions and characteristics of democracy that make it prone to self-destruct. In drawing out the political lessons from these past collapses, he explains how a democracy can, simply by being democratic, sow the seeds of its own destruction. Explores why democracies fail, both theoretically and empirically4 case studies: democratic Athens, the Weimar Republic, contemporary American democracy and China's fledging efforts to democratise *Takes political lessons from the case studies to highlight the predicaments faced by weak and failing democracies today

Democracy. --- Authoritarianism. --- Political science --- Authority --- Self-government --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics