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This work deals with the search for signatures of non-Gaussianities in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Probing Gaussianity in the CMB addresses one of the key questions in modern cosmology because it allows us to discriminate between different models of inflation, and thus concerns a fundamental part of the standard cosmological model.     The basic goal here is to adapt complementary methods stemming from the field of complexity science to CMB data analysis. Two key concepts, namely the method of surrogates and estimators for local scaling properties, are applied to CMB data analysis.     All results show strong non-Gaussianities and pronounced asymmetries. The consistency of the full sky and cut sky results shows convincingly for the first time that the influence of the Galactic plane is not responsible for these deviations from Gaussianity and isotropy. The findings seriously call into question predictions of isotropic cosmologies based on the widely accepted single field slow roll inflation model.

Cosmic background radiation -- Data processing. --- Cosmic background radiation -- Mathematical models. --- Cosmic background radiation. --- Astronomy & Astrophysics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Astrophysics --- Cosmology. --- Background radiation, Cosmic --- Cosmic microwave background --- Cosmic microwave radiation --- Microwave background --- Physics. --- Statistical physics. --- Dynamical systems. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Extraterrestrial radiation --- Mathematical physics. --- Complex Systems. --- Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems. --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Physical mathematics --- Statistical methods --- Mathematics --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Statics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics

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Inequality in Latin America is very large and there is a great desire for greater social justice, inclusion and equal opportunities. In order to contribute to the understanding of such developments, this volume addresses the problem of economic inequality in Paraguay, Honduras and Chile. The studies show from different angles how an adverse family background has permanent negative effects on employment, wages and labour mobility, particularly in the presence of structural economic changes. In general, this book is a contribution to understand why inequality is highly persistent in Latin America

Equality --- Latin America --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- America --- Barría --- Change --- Decomposition of Income --- Economic --- Education --- Educational Inequality --- Family Economics --- Indigenous Background --- Inequality --- Latin --- Migration --- Structural --- Villalobos

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Developmental psychology --- Sociology of minorities --- Social policy --- Educational sciences --- Physiology: reproduction & development. Ages of life --- Female circumcision --- Migration background --- Girls --- Upbringing --- Prevention --- Reports [materialtype] --- Netherlands

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Sociology of minorities --- Sociology of work --- Social policy --- Teaching --- Migration background --- Labour --- Labour market --- Government policy --- Level of education --- Book --- Integration --- Discrimination --- France

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Mass communications --- Music --- Science fiction television programs --- Television music --- 82:78 --- Background music for television --- Music for television --- Music videos --- Sci-fi television programs --- Television programs --- Analysis, appreciation --- History and criticism --- Literatuur en muziek