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Sexually transmitted infections (STI) continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, both in developed industrial countries as well as in the developing world. Human immunodeficiency virus infections and the ensuing opportunistic infections are a major drain on the human and financial resources of many countries in the developing world and even with the availability of effective treatment the epidemic is not yet contained. Screening in developing worlds is difficult and there is a need for simple reliable cheap diagnostic methods that can be performed at the point of care, on the same day and by staff with limited training. Molecular biological methods are very attractive for the diagnosis of STI since a well defined range of pathogens is responsible for the infection. Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Methods and Protocols strives to cover the full range of molecular testing for STI. Chapters cover a variety of topics such as aspects of DNA extraction from small volume samples or difficult tissues, simple, nested or multiplex PCR, use of duplex primers or other modifications of primers and PCR conditions, sequence analysis for genotyping, denaturing gel analysis, microarrays using liquid beads or microspheres and silicon nanoparticle-enhanced microcantilever detection of DNA. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Authoritative and easily accessible, Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Methods and Protocols will be a valuable reference for the scientist looking to establish molecular methodologies for the diagnosis of STI tests in their own lab.

Emerging infectious diseases. --- Medical virology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Virology. --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases

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Bacterial Infections - prevention & control. --- Complex Mixtures --- Side effects --- Vaccination --- Bacterial diseases --- Virus diseases --- Complications. --- Prevention. --- Viral diseases --- Viral infections --- Virus infections --- Communicable diseases --- Medical virology --- Pathogenic viruses --- Bacterial infections --- Medical bacteriology --- Pathogenic bacteria --- Vaccines --- Complications and sequelae

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A biological organism can be viewed as a collection of molecular machines well integrated to function as a self-replicating unit. One of the principal goals in biology is to be able to fully understand the mechanisms of an organism in atomic detail. Viruses offer the best opportunities to achieve this goal. Written by leaders in the respective fields, this book examines a variety of viral molecular machines, using the best examples from bacteriophages and animal viruses, many causing infectious diseases of public health importance. Beginning with the viral entry into a host cell, the book takes the reader through replication of the genome, assembly of structural components, genome packaging and maturation into an infectious virion. The book conveys the state of the art knowledge of the topic generated by combining X-ray crystallography, high resolution electron microscopy, molecular genetics, biochemistry, and single molecule biophysics. Viral Molecular Machines is not only a “must-have” book for virologists but it will also be broadly useful for molecular biologists in academia and industry as well as an educational tool for teaching graduate and upper level undergraduate students.

Computational biology. --- Molecular virology. --- Molecular virology --- Computational biology --- Virus Physiological Processes --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Organisms --- Biology --- Genetic Processes --- Microbiology --- Genetic Phenomena --- Microbiological Processes --- Virus Physiological Phenomena --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Viruses --- Virus Integration --- Virology --- DNA Packaging --- Virus Replication --- Computational Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Virus diseases. --- Viral diseases --- Viral infections --- Virus infections --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Virology. --- Infectious diseases. --- Microbiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Communicable diseases --- Medical virology --- Pathogenic viruses --- Medical virology. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Medical microbiology --- Virus diseases

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The human foetus is separated from the maternal blood by the syncytiotrophoblast induced by endogeneous human retrovirus-encoded proteins. This barrier is a highly developed one, which supports apical-basolateral transport of maternal idiotype and anti-idiotype IgG, IgG-virus complexes. The selective maternal-fetal transport of epitope- and paratope-bearing entities can influence the developing fetal immune system during pregnancy. The bidirectional maternal-fetal transfer of cells are of even more importance during pregnancy. Maternal cells with latent viruses transport viruses without impairment of foetal development. Cells with premalignant and malignant genetic transformation are also transported to the fetus. Fetal and neonatal tumours are initiated by such cells in spite of the antitumour potential of fetal organism. On the contrary, the foetal cells repair maternal tissue injuries and survive in the organisms of the recipients for decades. These possess new consequences for the neonatal immunity and organ transplant surgery.

Carcinogenesis. --- Communicable diseases -- Transmission. --- Maternal-fetal exchange. --- Medical virology. --- Medical virology --- Maternal-fetal exchange --- Carcinogenesis --- Pregnancy --- Biology --- Diseases --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Reproduction --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Virus Diseases --- Genetics --- Maternal-Fetal Exchange --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Oncology --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Communicable diseases --- Transmission. --- Communicable disease transmission --- Disease transmission --- Germs, Spread of --- Spread of communicable diseases --- Spread of germs --- Transmission of diseases --- Cancer --- Oncogenesis --- Pathogenesis of cancer --- Tumorigenesis --- Transmission --- Pathogenesis --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Immunology. --- Virology. --- Oncology. --- Pediatrics. --- Epidemiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Fetus --- Placenta --- Pathology --- Genetic toxicology --- Epidemiology --- Oncology  . --- Public health --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Children --- Tumors --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Health and hygiene --- Microbiology --- Cancer research

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Studies related to pathogen-mediated virus resistance in plants were instrumental in providing some of the historical observations which ultimately led to the vital discovery of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced gene silencing or RNA interference (RNAi), which has since revolutionized research on plant-virus interactions. In Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study the phenomenon of RNA silencing in relation to viral infections of plants.  These include methods and techniques for the isolation and quantitative/qualitative analyses of plant small 21-24 nucleotide RNAs such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as the analysis and manipulation of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledenous plants and the use of hairpin RNA (hpRNA) transgenes.  Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.   Authoritative and practical, Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of this crucially important botanical trait.

Botany. --- Plant diseases. --- Medical virology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Plant Pathology. --- Virology. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Floristic botany