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"We were promised development and all we got is misery" : the influence of petroleum on conflict dynamics in Chad
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Year: 2009 Publisher: Bonn Bonn International Center for Conversion

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Chad : Staff Monitored Program.
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ISBN: 1462326080 145271407X 1283561867 9786613874313 1451888279 Year: 2009 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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The Chadian authorities have requested a staff-monitored program (SMP) during April–October 2009 to demonstrate improvements in fiscal policy and public financial management. The objective is to re-establish their economic management and reform credentials with international development partners, with a view to increasing donor support for their poverty reduction strategy. The cornerstone of this SMP is the implementation of a revised budget for 2009 based on a realistic oil price assumption. The SMP also aims to signal a clear return to an orderly budgetary framework by curtailing the use of exceptional budgetary procedures.


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Chad : 2008 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Chad.
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ISBN: 1462320023 1452716099 1283557665 9786613870117 1451888260 Year: 2009 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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The staff report for Chad’s 2008 Article IV Consultation presents economic developments and policies. The global economic crisis has affected the budget and reserves through lower oil prices. Chad’s limited financial and trade integration has insulated it from the financial crisis and ensuing global recession. Risks include lower demand for exports and weaknesses in the foreign banks that own most of Chad’s banking system. Chad is seriously affected by declining oil prices, which will require substantial fiscal adjustment and will lower reserves, albeit not to critical levels.


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Chad : Selected Issues.
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ISBN: 1462349285 1451990626 1283559552 9786613872005 1451888252 Year: 2009 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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This paper analyzes competitiveness in Chad since the advent of the oil era in the 2000s. Oil has since positioned itself as the key sector of a traditional economy that previously depended on agriculture and some light manufacturing. Dominated by developments in the oil sector, Chad’s balance of payments is vulnerable to the indirect effects of the sector’s volatility. The country’s ample reserves are insulated from oil sector shocks to the extent that oil-sector-related flows for trade in goods and service, factor income, and capital automatically offset each other.


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Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, Jawed Karim : YouTube creators
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ISBN: 073775480X 9780737754803 Year: 2009 Publisher: Detroit, Mich. : KidHaven Press,

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Explores the life and achievements of Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, the three young men responsible for the creation of YouTube, which provides users with a fast, simple way to upload and share videos they have created.


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Tsjaad : mensen, geschiedenis, politiek, economie, sociologie, cultuur
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ISBN: 9789068326901 Year: 2009 Volume: *128 Publisher: Brussel 11.11.11

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Tsjaad heeft sinds de onafhankelijkheid nog maar weinig vooruitgang geboekt. Het land gaat gebukt onder elkaar opvolgende regimes, die met hulp van het leger de bevolking onderdrukken en misbruiken. Democratie heeft Tsjaad nauwelijks gekend. Oude vormen van besluitvorming en gezag zijn geërodeerd; sinds de Darfur-crisis in het naburige Sudan is ook in Tsjaad de onveiligheid sterk toegenomen. De kloof tussen 'noord' en 'zuid' - islamitisch versus christelijk, veehouders versus landbouwers - wordt steeds groter. In economisch opzicht zou de oliewinning voor een uitweg uit de armoede kunnen zorgen, maar vooralsnog blijft het geld steken bij een handjevol machthebbers. Met ruim honderd etnische groepen kent Tsjaad een grote rijkdom aan culturele tradities, taal en muziek. In de hele moeizame verhouding tussen noord en zuid is het hoopgevend dat de meeste Tsjadiërs wars zijn van religieus fanatisme. Ze willen het onderscheid zo objectief mogelijk zien, om te kunnen blijven samenleven. Het is een strohalm en het belangrijkste fundament voor de toekomst van Tsjaad.

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