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Introduction: The Nordic Hospitals have these years seem a lot of organizational changes. They are traditionally quantitatively evaluated. There is no tradition to use qualitative evaluation methods. The perspective of the patients is examined quantitatively by a patient satisfaction survey each year, but it is not possible to see the results of these surveys in coherence to a given activity in a given ward in the hospital. The perspective of the employees is not included in evaluations of organizational changes. Purpose: The purpose of this evaluation is to examine coherence between the indicators that have been fulfilled, and the employees' experience of their daily work, together with the patients - and their relatives' experience of the admittance at the ward. It is the intention to show a picture as varied as possible of the geriatric ward and both reasonable and not reasonable conditions in the employees work life and in the patients' experiences. Method: The clinical indicators of quality are examined by an audit reading of 50 consecutively chosen patient files from the geriatric ward. The patients - and the relatives perspective is illuminated by four interviews with patients and relatives directly following their admittance to the ward and the perspective of the employees is illuminated by two interviews with the managers of the ward and a focus group interview with eight staff members of the ward. Results: The employees express frustration and lack of management. It is not easy for them to see coherence in the daily activities and they experience absence of peace and meaning in their daily work. In their opinion, the clinical indicators of quality are not relevant for their work. Only a low part of the indicators of clinical quality fulfil the expected goals. This find is in concordance with the experiences of the patients and the relatives and to some extent, can be explained, by the employees' way of understanding the quality indicators. The most probable explanation to the low fulfilment of the goals is the employees' experience of lack of management, coherence, and meaningfulness in their daily activities. Conclusion: There is a consistent connection between the three perspectives. The perspective of the employees describes possible causes to the low part of clinical indicators of quality, which fulfil the goals. The perspective of patients and relatives points at the consequences of this. The triangulation of the methods in an evaluation of organizational changes has shown a successful way, to understand conditions and coherence in the results of an organizational change, than the traditional method of evaluation. Introduktion: De nordiske hospitaler er i disse år præget af talrige organisationsændringer. Evalueringer heraf foregår traditionelt kvantitativt. Der er ikke tradition for at anvende kvalitative metoder. Patientperspektivet undersøges i Danmark kvantitativt gennem årlige patienttilfredsheds-undersøgelser, men resultaterne her af kan ikke ses i sammenhæng med en given aktivitet på et givent sengeafsnit. Medarbejderperspektivet medtages slet ikke i forbindelse med evalueringer af organisatoriske ændringer i sundhedsvæsenet. Formål: Formålet med denne evaluering er at undersøge sammenhænge mellem den konkrete målopfyldelse på udvalgte kvalitetsindikatorer, medarbejdernes oplevelser af og syn på at arbejde på det geriatriske sengeafsnit samt de pårørende og patienternes oplevelser under indlæggelsen. Det er hensigten at tegne et så nuanceret billede som muligt af det geriatriske sengeafsnit og at få afdækket såvel hensigtsmæssige som uhensigtsmæssige forhold i medarbejdernes arbejdsliv og i patienternes oplevelse af indlæggelsen. Metode: Andel af opfyldte kvalitetsindikatorer måles ved auditgennemgang af 50 konsekutivt udvalgte patientjournaler fra indlæggelser på det geriatriske sengeafsnit. Patient- og pårørendeperspektivet belyses gennem 4 interviews i umiddelbar tilslutning til patienternes udskrivelse og Medarbejderperspektivet undersøges gennem to individuelle interviews med lederne af afsnittet og et fokusgruppeinterview med otte medarbejdere fra det geriatriske sengeafsnit. De kvantitative data fremstilles i tabelform og de kvalitative data indholdsanalyseres og fremstilles i citatform. De indbyrdes sammenhænge mellem de bearbejdede data undersøges og fremstilles. Resultater: Medarbejderne udtrykker frustration og mangel på ledelse. De har svært ved at se sammenhæng i hverdagens aktiviteter og oplever mangel på ro og meningsfuldhed i dagligdagen. De finder ikke de kliniske kvalitetsindikatorer relevante for deres arbejde. Der er lav andel af opfyldte kliniske kvalitetsindikatorer. Dette understøttes af patienterne og de pårørendes oplevelser under indlæggelsen og det forklares til en vis grad af medarbejdernes opfattelse af nødvendigheden af at opfylde de forventede krav og i særlig grad af medarbejdernes oplevelse af mangel på ledelse, sammenhæng og meningsfuldhed. Konklusion: Der findes konsistent sammenhæng mellem de tre perspektiver. Medarbejderperspektivet beskriver årsagsforklaringer til den lave andel af opfyldte kliniske kvalitetsindikatorer og patient- og pårørendeperspektivet peger på konsekvenserne af samme. Metodetrianguleringen til evaluering af en organisationsændring har dermed vist sig hensigtsmæssig til at forstå baggrund og sammenhænge i resultatet af en organisationsændring i højere grad end de traditionelle evalueringsmetoder.
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The study and care of gastrointestinal disorders in the elderly have become priority topics for both clinicians and researchers as the aged constitute an ever-increasing part of the overall population. This publication presents the results of recent studies in geriatric gastroenterology, reviewing both basic research and clinical aspects. A significant part is devoted to the physician’s clinical approach to the elderly suffering from specific gastroenterological problems. Another focal point is diagnostic testing, which becomes very important in old age because clinical features such as history and physical signs are often very difficult to interpret: clinical manifestations and the response to therapy may seem to differ because the older patient has several concomitant disorders that may distort the classic features of the primary gastrointestinal disease. Also discussed are the effects of aging on the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and liver functions, as well as the management of disorders of the small intestine, colon, and liver. This publication will be useful for general physicians, specialists in geriatrics and gastroenterology, and all healthcare providers who are involved in planning care management of elderly people with gastrointestinal disorders.
Gastroenterology --- Gerontology / Geriatrics --- Physiology
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Completely revised new edition of the premier reference on pediatric liver disease. Liver Disease in Children, 3rd Edition provides authoritative coverage of every aspect of liver disease affecting infants, children, and adolescents. The book offers an integrated approach to the science and clinical practice of pediatric hepatology and charts the substantial progress in understanding and treating these diseases. Chapters are written by international experts and address the unique pathophysiology, manifestations, and management of these disorders in the pediatric population. The third edition has been thoroughly updated and features new contributions on liver development, cholestatic and autoimmune disorders, fatty liver disease, and inborn errors of metabolism. With the continued evolution of pediatric hepatology as a discipline, this text remains an essential reference for all physicians involved in the care of children with liver disease.
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Für Kliniker und Pathologen die Basis zur Stellung der richtigen Diagnose und Wahl der Therapie! Eine national und international standardisierte Tumorklassifizierung ist die Voraussetzung einer situationsgerechten und individualisierten Tumortherapie und eines institutionsübergreifenden Qualitätsmanagements. Für Kliniker und Pathologen die Basis zur Stellung der richtigen Diagnose und Wahl der Therapie! Eine national und international standardisierte Tumorklassifizierung ist die Voraussetzung einer situationsgerechten und individualisierten Tumortherapie und eines institutionsübergreifenden Qualitätsmanagements. Die Buchreihe Klassifikation maligner Tumoren stellt die aktuelle Tumorklassifikation verschiedener Organe bzw. Organsysteme systematisch und entsprechend den neuesten internationalen Standards dar. Dabei wird die Klassifikation der Lokalisation, der Histomorphologie (Typing, Grading), der anatomischen Ausbreitung vor Therapie (TNM, pTNM) und nach Therapie (R-Klassifikation) behandelt. Je nach Entität sind zusätzlich klinisch relevante makroskopische und genetische Klassifikationen aufgeführt. Folgerungen für Diagnostik und Therapie finden sich in Form von Tabellen und Algorithmen. Die Klassifikation maligner Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltrakts II behandelt die malignen Tumoren von Leber, Gallenblase, extrahepatischen Gallengängen, Ampulla Vateri und Pankreas und ergänzt damit den Band Klassifikation maligner Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltrakts I.
Oncology . --- Gastroenterology . --- Pathology. --- Oncology. --- Gastroenterology. --- Gastrointestinal system --- Tumors
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Gastroenterology --- Surgery --- chirurgie --- gastro-enterologie
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Gastroenterology --- Surgery --- chirurgie --- gastro-enterologie
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The ? rst time I met Professor Takasaki was in 1986, at the CICD meeting in Jerusalem, when he presented his personal technique for liver res- tion. I was very enthusiastic about the originality and simplicity of his method and suggested that he report his experience. I told him that if he wrote a book, I would write the foreword for it. Here I keep my word. Professor Takasaki's technique for liver resection derives from an original concept of anatomical division of the liver into three segments based on the distribution of the portal branches. This might seem strange when we have been used to the Couinaud anatomy for the past 20 years. In fact, however, there is a close correlation between the two anatomies if we consider that the right portal branch is short or even nonexistent. We can say that portal blood is distributed to three portions of the liver: the right segment, the middle segment, and the left segment for Takasaki; and the right posterior sector, 1 the right anterior sector, and the left liver for Couinaud. Thus the liver is divided into three in both classi? cations.
Oncology. Neoplasms --- Gastroenterology --- oncologie --- gastro-enterologie --- leverziekten
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