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Forests and forestry --- Forests and forestry. --- Southern Africa. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Africa, Southern
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Forests and forestry --- France. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- ONF --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Libraries
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Anyone who doubts the power of history to inform the present should read this closely argued and sweeping survey. This is rich, timely, and sobering historical fare written in a measured, non-sensationalist style by a master of his craft. One only hopes (almost certainly vainly) that today's policymakers take its lessons to heart. Brian Fagan, 'Los Angeles'' Times' Published in 2002, 'Deforesting the Earth 'was a landmark study of the history and geography of deforestation. Now available as an abridgment, this edition retains the breadth of the original while rendering its arguments accessible to a general readership. Deforestation& the thinning, changing, and wholesale clearing of forests for fuel, shelter, and agriculture& is among the most important ways humans have transformed the environment. Surveying ten thousand years to trace human-induced deforestation's effect on economies, societies, and landscapes around the world, 'Deforesting the Earth 'is the preeminent history of this process and its consequences. Beginning with the return of the forests after the ice age to Europe, North America, and the tropics, Michael Williams traces the impact of human-set fires for gathering and hunting, land clearing for agriculture, and other activities from the Paleolithic age through the classical world and the medieval period. He then focuses on forest clearing both within Europe and by European imperialists and industrialists abroad, from the 1500s to the early 1900s, in such places as the New World, India, and Latin America, and considers indigenous clearing in India, China, and Japan. Finally, he covers the current alarming escalation of deforestation, with our ever-increasing human population placing a potentially unsupportable burden on the world's forests.
Forests and forestry --- Clearing of land --- Deforestation --- History --- History. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Conversion, Forest --- Depletion of forests --- Disforestation --- Forest conversion --- Forest depletion --- Forest-land conversion --- Forest fires --- Plants --- Land clearing --- Reclamation of land --- Extinction
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This book provides the reader relevant information about actual knowledge about the process of allelopathy, covering all aspects from the molecular to the ecological level. Special relevance is given to the physiological and ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy. Several ecosystems are studied and methodological considerations are taken into account in several different chapters. The book has been written to be useful both for Ph.D. students and for senior researchers, so the chapters include all necessary information to be read by beginners, but they also include a lot of useful information and discussion for the initiated.
Allelopathy. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant ecology. --- Botany --- Plants --- Ecology --- Physiology --- Allelopathic agents --- Plant ecology --- Plant physiology --- Plant Ecology. --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Agriculture. --- Forests and forestry. --- Plant Physiology. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Forestry. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Organic chemistry. --- Floristic ecology --- Chemistry, Organic --- Forests and forestry
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Demand for timber and fibre continues to grow and is being met by increased reliance on plantation forestry. Many of the plantations that are being grown around the globe are non-native species that have characteristics of rapid growth and good commercial qualities. In some cases, the high rates of production are a result of the absence of native herbivore and diseases. This limited pest status is threatened as pest species move around the globe. At the same time there is concern about threats of these non-native plantation species on native communities and the impact of changing climates on forest productivity. This volume explores many of these issues for the first time.
Trees --- Forest ecology. --- Diseases and pests. --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Tree diseases --- Botany. --- Entomology. --- Forests and forestry. --- Ecology. --- Plant Sciences. --- Forestry. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Insects --- Zoology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Natural history --- Plants --- Plant science. --- Ecology . --- Floristic botany
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From the reviews of the 1st edition: "It will surely remain the most comprehensive work in this field for a long time to come. It belongs on the bookshelf of every material scientist and structural engineer." CAS Journal, USA "...[T]he author has done an admirable job, collecting, organizing, and reviewing the disparate literature on most aspects of the Acoustics of Wood." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, USA.
Wood --- Acoustic properties. --- Testing. --- Timber --- Testing --- Mechanical engineering. --- Materials. --- Wood. --- Acoustics. --- Forests and forestry. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Materials Science, general. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Forestry. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Materials --- Materials science. --- Forest products. --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Material science --- Physical sciences
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This book is intended to be a record of the Biotechnology-Assisted Re/Afforestation Project in the Asia-Pacific Region (BIO-REFOR) since 1992, conducted in coop eration with the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (lUFRO). The purpose of the project is to promote exchanges of information of fundamental research on indigenous species in the Asia-Pacific Region in order to restore natural forests. The production, cultivation, and maintenance of forest tree species provide highly sustainable production systems that conserve soils, the microenvironment, and biodiversity The key technology for biomass production of forests is propagation via micropropagation or traditional propagation. However, there are many recalci trant species among useful forest trees to be propagated in large numbers. Recent advances in mycorrhizal technology and in vitro culture have made it possible to commercially propagate useful trees for re/afforestation. In this book, comprehensive information is provided on propagation, mycor rhizal inoculation, and reforestation of economically and environmentally impor tant forest trees, information that usually is available only in widely scattered re sources. Here, we include a wide area of the ecology and physiology of dipterocarps as a general overview, and then cover propagation techniques, mycorrhizal symbio sis, man-made forests, and biodiversity in the Asia-Pacific region.
Mychorrhizas. --- Plant biotechnology. --- Reforestation. --- Tropical plants --- Mycorhizes. --- Plantes tropicales --- Plantes --- Reboisement. --- Biotechnology. --- Propagation. --- Biotechnologie. --- Multiplication. --- Mycorrhizas. --- Forests and forestry. --- Botany. --- Plant Ecology. --- Forestry. --- Plant Sciences. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Botany --- Plants --- Ecology --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Plant science. --- Plant ecology. --- Floristic botany --- Floristic ecology
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This book has been developed as a forest inventory textbook for students and can also serve as a handbook for practical foresters. The book is divided into four sections. The first section deals mostly with sampling issues. First, we present the basic sampling designs at a fairly non-technical mathematical level. In addition, we present some more advanced sampling issues often needed in forest inventory. Those include for instance problems with systematic sampling, and methods for sampling vegetation or rare populations. Forest inventory also includes issues that are unique to forestry, like problems in measuring sample plots in the field, or utilising sample tree measurements. These issues include highly sophisticated methodology, but we try to present these also such that forestry students can grasp the ideas behind them. Each method is presented with examples. For foresters who need more details, references are given to more advanced scientific papers and books in the fields of statistics and biometrics. Forest inventories in many countries involve much more than sampling and measurement issues. Most applications nowadays involve remote sensing technology of some sort, so that section II deals with the use of remote sensing material for this purpose. Examples of multi-phase and multi-source inventory are presented. Methods suitable for special applications, like stand-level or global-level inventory, are also presented. Section III deals with national inventories carried out in different parts of the world. Examples of forest inventory in selected countries around the world are presented. Section IV is an attempt to outline some future possibilities of forest inventory methodologies.
Forest mapping. --- Forest surveys. --- Forest inventories --- Forest surveying --- Forests and forestry --- Natural resources surveys --- Vegetation surveys --- Forest surveys --- Vegetation mapping --- Surveying --- Mapping --- methodology --- Models --- Sampling --- Végétation --- vegetation --- Botanical composition --- cartography --- case studies --- data collection --- Spectrometry --- Satellites --- Photogrammetry --- Aerial surveying --- Geographical information systems --- Finland --- Sweden --- Germany --- India --- Indonesia --- China --- Canada --- USA --- Forests and forestry. --- Statistics. --- Forestry. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- vegetation. --- Remote sensing. --- Statistics . --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics
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This book is primarily a general text covering the whole sweep of the forest industries. The over-riding emphasis is on a clear, simple interpretation of the underlying science, demonstrating how such principles apply to processing operations. The book starts by considering the broad question "what is wood?" by looking at the biology, chemistry and physics of wood structure (first 4 chapters). This sets the scene. Next key chapters examine "wood quality" – explaining how and why wood quality can be so variable and implications for processing. Finally, in a series of chapters, various "industrial processes" are reviewed and interpreted. The 2nd Edition is a total revision. A few chapters remain relatively unchanged (no change for the sake of change). Many have been totally rewritten. All chapters have been written by specialists, but the presentation targets a generalist audience.
Wood products. --- Wood. --- Timber. --- Forest production --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Lumber trade --- Forests and forestry --- Lumber --- Tree farms --- Trees --- Wood --- Timber --- Timber products --- Forests and forestry. --- Civil engineering. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Forestry. --- Civil Engineering. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Forestry Management. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Engineering --- Public works --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Materials science. --- Forestry management. --- Forest products. --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Management --- Administration --- Control --- Forest management.
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Biological control of plant diseases and plant pathogens is of great significance in forestry and agriculture. There is great incentive to discover biologically active natural products from higher plants that are better than synthetic agrochemicals and are much safer, from a health and environmental point-of-view. The development of natural products such as herbicides, fungicides, and their role in biological control of plant diseases, indicates a reduction in environmental and health hazards. Allelopathic techniques offer a real future in solving several problems, for instance biological control of plant pests. This book is organized around the indication that allelochemicals can be employed for biological control of plant pathogens and plant diseases. Specifically, this volume focuses on (i) discovery and development of natural product based fungicides for agriculture, (ii) direct use of allelochemicals as well as indirect effects through cover crops and organic amendments for plant parasitic pest control and (iii) application of allelopathy in pest management. .
Allelochemicals. --- Phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Biological control. --- Biocontrol of plant diseases --- Biological control of phytopathogenic microorganisms --- Biological control of plant diseases --- Plant diseases --- Allelochemics --- Semiochemicals --- Biological control --- Agriculture. --- Plant diseases. --- Forests and forestry. --- Botany. --- Plant Pathology. --- Forestry. --- Plant Sciences. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Botany --- Communicable diseases in plants --- Crop diseases --- Crops --- Diseases of plants --- Microbial diseases in plants --- Pathological botany --- Pathology, Vegetable --- Phytopathology --- Plant pathology --- Vegetable pathology --- Agricultural pests --- Crop losses --- Diseased plants --- Plant pathologists --- Plant quarantine --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Pathology --- Diseases and pests --- Diseases --- Wounds and injuries --- Plant pathology. --- Plant science. --- Floristic botany
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