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The fur trade was the heart of the French empire in early North America. The French-Canadian (Canadien) men who traversed the vast hinterlands of the Hudson Bay watershed, trading for furs from Indigenous trappers and hunters, were its cornerstone.Though the Canadiens worked for French colonial authorities, they were not unwavering agents of imperial power. Increasingly they found themselves between two worlds as they built relationships with Indigenous communities, sometimes joining them through adoption or marriage, raising families of their own. The result was an ambivalent empire that grew in fits and starts. It was guided by imperfect information, built upon a contested Indigenous borderland, fragmented by local interests, and periodically neglected by government administrators. Heirs of an Ambivalent Empire explores the lives of the Canadiens who used family and kinship ties to navigate between sovereign Indigenous nations and the French colonial government from the early 1660s to the 1780s.Acting as cultural intermediaries, the Canadiens made it possible for France to extend its presence into northwest North America. Over time, however, their uncertain relationships with the French colonial state splintered imperial authority, leading to an outcome that few could have foreseen – the emergence of a new Indigenous culture, language, people, and nation: the Métis.

French-Canadians --- Fur trade --- Métis --- History. --- Anishinaabe. --- Atlantic. --- Company. --- Cree. --- Dakota. --- Early. --- Francois Jerome Latour. --- French. --- Hudson Bay. --- Indigenous. --- Lakota. --- Louis Primeau. --- Metissage. --- Monsoni. --- Nakoda. --- New. --- Northwest. --- Ochethi Sakowin. --- Ojibwe. --- Posts. --- Verendrye. --- Western Sea. --- Yankton. --- coureurs bois. --- voyageurs.

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When the US Army Corps of Engineers began planning construction of The Dalles Dam at Celilo Village in the mid-twentieth century, it was clear that this traditional fishing, commerce, and social site of immense importance to Native tribes would be changed forever. Controversy surrounded the project, with local Native communities anticipating the devastation of their way of life and white settler-descended advocates of the dam envisioning a future of thriving infrastructure and industry. In In Defense of Wyam, having secured access to hundreds of previously unknown and unexamined letters, Katrine Barber revisits the subject of Death of Celilo Falls, her first book. She presents a remarkable alliance across the opposed Native and settler-descended groups, chronicling how the lives of two women leaders converged in a shared struggle to protect the Indian homes of Celilo Village. Flora Thompson, member of the Warm Springs Tribe and wife of the Wyam chief, and Martha McKeown, daughter of an affluent white farming family, became lifelong allies as they worked together to protect Oregon's oldest continuously inhabited site. As a Native woman, Flora wielded significant power within her community yet outside of it was dismissed for her race and her gender. Martha, although privileged due to her settler origins, turned to women's clubs to expand her political authority beyond the conventional domestic sphere. Flora's and Martha's coordinated efforts offer readers meaningful insight into a time and place where the rhetoric of Native sovereignty, the aims of environmental movements in the American West, and women's political strategies intersected.

Whites --- Indians of North America --- Women --- Wyam Indians --- Des Chutes Indians --- Waiam Indians --- Wiam Indians --- Shahaptian Indians --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- White people --- White persons --- Ethnology --- Caucasian race --- Relations with Indians. --- Government relations --- Land tenure --- Relocation --- Culture --- McKeown, Martha Ferguson, --- Thompson, Flora Cushinway, --- Boise, Flora Cushinway, --- Cushinway, Flora, --- Cush-nee-yi, La moosh, --- George, Flora Cushinway, --- La moosh Cush-nee-yi, --- Ferguson, Martha, --- Celilo Falls Indian Relocation Project --- Political aspects. --- Celilo (Or.) --- History. --- Celilo Indians --- Lower Deschutes Indians --- Wayámɫáma Indians --- Wayámpam Indians --- Tenino Indians --- Relations interethniques --- Femmes --- Indiennes d'Amerique --- Indiens d'Amerique --- Women. --- Wyam Indians. --- Indian inspectors --- Indian-White relations --- Indians --- White-Indian relations --- Biographies. --- Relations avec l'État --- Transfert --- Terres --- Government relations. --- Land tenure. --- Relocation. --- Land titles --- Real property --- Government policy --- Relations with Whites --- Celilo Falls Indian Relocation Project. --- Oregon --- Columbia River --- Celilo Falls --- United States --- Oregon Territory --- Država Oregon --- Elegang --- Elegang Zhou --- Estado de Oregon --- ʻOlekona --- OR --- Ore. --- Oregon-shū --- Oregona --- Oregonas --- Oregono --- Oregonshū --- Orehon --- Origŏn --- Origŏn chu --- Shtat Orehon --- State of Oregon --- Штат Орегон --- Орегон --- Ореґон --- Држава Орегон --- オレゴン --- オレゴン州 --- 俄勒冈 --- 俄勒冈州 --- 오리건 --- 오리건 주 --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Америка (Republic) --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- САЩ --- Съединените щати --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- ولايات المتحدة --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- 미국 --- River of the West (B.C.-Or. and Wash.) --- West, River of the (B.C.-Or. and Wash.) --- Relations with white people --- Amérindiens --- Amérindiologie --- Civilisation amérindienne --- Civilisation indienne d'Amérique --- Culture amérindienne --- Culture indienne d'Amérique --- Indianologie --- Indiens --- Indiens d'Amérique --- Indiens précolombiens --- Peaux-Rouges --- Précolombiens, Indiens --- Tribus indiennes d'Amérique --- Art indien d'Amérique --- Astrologie indienne d'Amérique --- Astronomie indienne d'Amérique --- Calendrier indien d'Amérique --- Cartographie indienne d'Amérique --- Cosmologie indienne d'Amérique --- Cuisine indienne d'Amérique --- Danse indienne d'Amérique --- Et les Indiens d'Amérique --- Forces armées américaines --- Humour indien d'Amérique --- Indiens d'Amérique dans la culture populaire --- Influence indienne d'Amérique --- Légendes indiennes d'Amérique --- Magie indienne d'Amérique --- Mathématiques indiennes d'Amérique --- Médias indiens d'Amérique --- Musique indienne d'Amérique --- Mythologie indienne d'Amérique --- Noirs américains --- Participation indienne d'Amérique --- Philosophie indienne d'Amérique --- Poupées indiennes d'Amérique --- Prisonniers des Indiens d'Amérique --- Réserves indiennes --- Théâtre indien d'Amérique --- Troupes indiennes d'Amérique --- Artistes indiens d'Amérique --- Athlètes indiens d'Amérique --- Berdaches --- Caciques (ethnologie) --- Civilisations précolombiennes --- Coureurs indiens d'Amérique --- Écrivains indiens d'Amérique --- Enfants indiens d'Amérique --- Esclaves africains --- Esclaves indiens d'Amérique --- Étudiants indiens d'Amérique --- Homosexuels indiens d'Amérique --- Indiennes d'Amérique --- Indiens d'Amérique dans l'industrie du cinéma --- Jeunesse indienne d'Amérique --- Journalistes indiens d'Amérique --- Paléoindiens --- Policiers indiens d'Amérique --- Professeurs indiens d'Amérique --- Ethnologie --- Amérindiennes --- Femmes amérindiennes --- Femmes indiennes --- Femmes précolombiennes --- Indiennes --- Indiennes précolombiennes --- Femmes écrivains indiennes d'Amérique --- Attitude envers les femmes --- Et les femmes --- Femme --- Relations avec les femmes --- Attitudes ethniques --- Cohabitation pluri-ethnique --- Et les relations interethniques --- Groupes ethniques --- Relations entre groupes ethniques --- Relations ethniques --- Relations interculturelles --- Relations interraciales --- Relations raciales --- Civilisation --- Troupes nord-amérindiennes --- Antiquités --- Commerce --- Habitations --- Histoire --- Politique publique --- Relations avec l'État --- Religion --- Rites et cérémonies --- Relations avec les Indiens d'Amérique --- [Localisations géographiques] --- esthétique --- philosophie --- théologie --- Crimes contre --- Loisirs --- Travail --- Relations --- Aspect économique --- Aspect politique --- Aspect religieux --- T̂he ̂Chutes --- Chutes --- Wasserfall --- Columbia --- Fluss --- Columbia Valley --- British Columbia --- Washington (State) --- Territory of Oregon --- Or. --- Relations with Indians --- Social and moral questions --- Acculturation --- Communication interculturelle --- Médias et relations interethniques --- Minorités --- Race --- Racisme --- Tourisme ethnoculturel --- Discrimination --- Diversité culturelle --- États multinationaux --- Ethnicité --- Ethnocide --- Études transculturelles --- Exhibitions ethnographiques --- Adoption interethnique --- Conflits ethniques --- Émeutes raciales --- Frontières ethniques --- Humour ethnique --- Mariage interethnique --- Métissage --- Relations amoureuses interethniques --- Relations humaines --- Architecture et femmes --- Beauté féminine --- Femmes et diplomatie --- Femmes et ésotérisme --- Femmes et forces armées --- Femmes et guerre --- Femmes et justice --- Femmes et littérature --- Femmes et mafia --- Femmes et mer --- Femmes et musique --- Femmes et paix --- Femmes et politique --- Femmes et religion --- Femmes et technologie --- Femmes et urbanisme --- Homme --- Internet et femmes --- Matriarcat --- Médias et femmes --- Prénoms féminins --- Crimes contre les femmes --- Psychanalyse et femmes --- Travail des femmes --- Vêtements de femme --- Éducation des femmes --- Études sur les femmes --- Féminisme --- Féminité --- Aventurières --- Bienfaitrices --- Ex-prostituées --- Femmes abandonnées --- Femmes âgées --- Femmes artistes --- Femmes ascètes --- Femmes au foyer --- Femmes autochtones --- Femmes automobilistes --- Femmes chamanes --- Femmes coolies --- Brus --- Femmes copistes --- Femmes critiques d'art --- Femmes d'âge moyen --- Femmes dans la vie publique --- Femmes diplômées --- Femmes du monde --- Femmes enceintes --- Femmes esclaves --- Femmes fatales --- Collectionneuses d'art --- Femmes imams --- Femmes mariées --- Femmes mystiques --- Femmes nullipares --- Femmes pédophiles --- Femmes philosophes --- Femmes préhistoriques --- Femmes rabbins --- Femmes seules --- Femmes surdouées --- Consommatrices --- Femmes tondues --- Femmes victimes de violence --- Filles --- Guérisseuses --- Guerrières --- Handicapées --- Héroïnes --- Hôtesses --- Immigrées --- Impératrices --- Criminelles --- Inventrices --- Jeunes femmes --- Joueuses d'échecs --- Lesbiennes --- Malades mentales --- Mères --- Métisses --- Oratrices --- Pionnières --- Pleureuses --- Dames d'honneur --- Prisonnières --- Prostituées --- Publics féminins --- Réfugiées --- Reines --- Reines d'Arles --- Reines de beauté --- Relations entre femmes --- Religieuses --- Soeurs --- Égéries --- Sorcières --- Sportives --- Tantes --- Voyageuses --- Espionnes --- Étrangères --- Femelles --- Squaws --- Oregon. --- Columbia River. --- Celilo Falls.