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This report summarizes the proceedings of a RAND workshop on the state of the Soviet military, held in Oxnard, California, on June 16-17, 1989. It has been selectively updated to account for major developments through January 1990. The workshop was designed to produce an interim assessment of the effects on the military of the political, social, and economic trends unleashed by Mikhail Gorbachev and his program of perestroika (restructuring), and to evaluate prospects for the future.

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, --- Military leadership. --- Soviet Union --- Armed Forces.

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Since coming to power, General Secretary Gorbachev has launched a diplomatic and propaganda offensive against the political foundations of Western Europe's nuclear deterrent and the European connection with the United States. He has, however, given clear indication that he considers his predecessors' campaign of threats and alarmist tactics in Europe to have been mistaken, and he has displayed willingness to make certain incremental retreats from past Soviet negotiating positions. But Soviet goals have not yet substantially changed. There are several factors favoring his purposes, notably his willingness to adapt Soviet negotiating strategy to the reality of defeat on the deployment of intermediate nuclear forces and his readiness to seek new ways of turning this defeat to Soviet advantage. However, there are several trends in Europe that are unfavorable to him. In particular, Gorbachev's internal political relaxation and his peace offensive toward Western Europe may pose dangers for the stability of the Soviet position in Eastern Europe.

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, --- Soviet Union --- Europe --- Foreign relations

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im Prozess der deutschen Wiedervereinigung spielte die Sowjetunion eine zentrale Rolle. Die wesentlichen Dokumente aus dem innersten Machtzirkel der UdSSR, die Motive und Entscheidungsfindungen des Kreml beleuchten, waren indes bislang nur einem kleinen Kreis von Spezialisten zugänglich. Die vorliegende Edition bietet erstmals eine vollständige deutsche Übersetzung derjenigen sowjetischen Gesprächsprotokolle, Strategiepapiere und Hintergrunddiskussionen, die die Gorbatschow-Stiftung 2006 in Russland publiziert hat. Die intensive Kommentierung führt zugleich die vielfältigen westlichen und russischen Gegen- und Parallelversionen aus offiziellen Editionen und aus der umfangreichen Memoirenliteratur zusammen. In den Texten wird die Dramatik der Jahre 1989 und 1990 greifbar. Deutsche, sowjetische, europäische und globale Ereignisse stellten Moskau vor immer neue Herausforderungen - mit der Zustimmung zur Wiedervereinigung versuchte Gorbatschow auch, die komplexen, miteinander verzahnten innen- und außenpolitischen Probleme der UdSSR zu lösen.

Helmut Kohl. --- Michail Gorbatschow. --- Wiedervereinigung. --- Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, --- Soviet Union --- Politics and government --- Foreign relations

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This reader collects several articles and interviews on how workers in the USSR are affected by the reform politics of Gorbachev. Also included are contributions on labour opposition and the emergence of 'informal groups'.

Political sociology --- Russian Federation --- Gorbatsjov, Michail --- Sovjet-Unie --- Labor policy --- Working class --- 830 Economie --- 834 Arbeid --- 838 Duurzame Ontwikkeling --- 841 Politiek Bestel --- 841.3 Politieke bewegingen --- 843 Middenveld --- 844.6 Samenlevingsproblemen --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- Russia --- Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, --- Gorbatschow, Michail, --- Gorbachev, M. S. --- Gorbachov, Mikhail, --- Gorbachov, M. S., --- Gorbatchev, Mikhaïl, --- Gorbaciov, Michail Sergeevic, --- Gorbachev, Mijaíl, --- Ko-erh-pa-chʻiao-fu, --- Ghūrbātshūf, --- Gorbatsjov, Michail, --- Gorbaczow, Michaił, --- Jūrbātshūf, Mīkhāʼīl, --- Gorbaciov, Mikhail Sergejevic, --- Gorubachofu, Mihairu, --- Gorbachov, Mijail S., --- Kō̜kbāsep, Mikhāʻīn, --- Gkormpatsoph, M., --- Gorbačëv, Michail, --- Gorbacsov, Mihail, --- Ko-pa-chʻi-fu, M., --- Gorbats'ov, Mikhaʼel, --- Gorbaciov, Mihail, --- Gorbachov, Michael, --- Gorbatxov, Mikhaïl Serguèievitx, --- Gorbatšov, Mihail, --- Горбачев, Михаил Сергеевич, --- גורבצ׳ב, מיכאל סרגייביץ׳, --- גורבצ׳וב --- 戈爾巴喬夫, --- Soviet Union --- Economic policy --- Gorbačov, Michail, --- Gorbatchev, Mikhaïl --- Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich --- Горбачев, Михаил Сергеевич --- Gorbatsjov, Michail. --- Sovjet-Unie.

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Perestroika --- #GROL:SEMI-32-05.544 4 --- 821.5 Mensenrechten --- 841 Politiek Bestel --- 844.5 Gezondheid --- 858.1 Politiek geweld --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- Economic restructuring (Soviet Union) --- Perestroĭka --- Perestroyka --- Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich --- Soviet Union --- -Politics and government --- -Perestroĭka. --- Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich, --- Perestroĭka. --- -Perestroika --- -Perestroĭka --- Gorbatschow, Michail, --- Gorbachev, M. S. --- Gorbachov, Mikhail, --- Gorbachov, M. S., --- Gorbatchev, Mikhaïl, --- Gorbaciov, Michail Sergeevic, --- Gorbachev, Mijaíl, --- Ko-erh-pa-chʻiao-fu, --- Ghūrbātshūf, --- Gorbatsjov, Michail, --- Gorbaczow, Michaił, --- Jūrbātshūf, Mīkhāʼīl, --- Gorbaciov, Mikhail Sergejevic, --- Gorubachofu, Mihairu, --- Gorbachov, Mijail S., --- Kō̜kbāsep, Mikhāʻīn, --- Gkormpatsoph, M., --- Gorbačëv, Michail, --- Gorbacsov, Mihail, --- Ko-pa-chʻi-fu, M., --- Gorbats'ov, Mikhaʼel, --- Gorbaciov, Mihail, --- Gorbachov, Michael, --- Gorbatxov, Mikhaïl Serguèievitx, --- Gorbatšov, Mihail, --- Горбачев, Михаил Сергеевич, --- גורבצ׳ב, מיכאל סרגייביץ׳, --- גורבצ׳וב --- 戈爾巴喬夫, --- Politics and government --- Gorbačov, Michail, --- Gorbatchev, Mikhaïl --- Горбачев, Михаил Сергеевич