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Finance --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question

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Le financement est essentiel pour le commerce international et les agences mondiales officielles de crédits d'export jouent un rôle primordial en fournissant des prêts, des garanties et des assurances. Le périodique Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE propose des rapports par pays décrivant les crédits d'export officiels les pays membres de l'OCDE et des économies non membres. Pris ensemble, ces systèmes représentent l'écrasante majorité de crédit à l'exportation de l'appui fourni par les gouvernements au niveau mondial. Les rapports par pays sont mis à jour de temps en temps.

Finance --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Finance.

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Finance. --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question

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Mit dem Ziel, eine Kapitalmarktunion zu errichten, die einen verbesserten Zugang zu Finanzierungen für innovative, nicht börsennotierte Unternehmen bedeutet, hat der europäische Gesetzgeber das Recht der plattformbasierten Projektfinanzierung (Crowdfunding) in weiten Teilen harmonisiert. Die hierfür erlassene Crowdfunding-Verordnung statuiert für Schwarmfinanzierungsdienstleister weitreichende und vor allem neuartige Verhaltens-, Organisations-, Informationspflichten inklusive Gatekeeper-Anforderungen. Für die Betreiber von Schwarmfinanzierungsplattformen entstehen dadurch erhebliche rechtliche wie auch tatsächliche Herausforderungen. Das Werk bietet hierbei wertvolle Orientierung durch einen systematischen Überblick über die Kernpunkte der europarechtlichen Anforderungen.

Crowd funding. --- Banking law. --- Consumer law.

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This report contains the “Phase 2: Implementation of the Standards in Practice” review, as well as revised version of the “Phase 1: Legal and Regulatory Framework review” already released for the Seychelles. The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by 120 jurisdictions, which participate in the Global Forum on an equal footing. The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004. The standards have also been incorporated into the UN Model Tax Convention. The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. Fishing expeditions are not authorised but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard. All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 and Phase 2 – reviews. The Global Forum has also put in place a process for supplementary reports to follow-up on recommendations, as well as for the ongoing monitoring of jurisdictions following the conclusion of a review. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.  

Finance --- Seychelles --- Economic conditions. --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question