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Lucius Polk Brown was a professional chemist who became a bureaucrat in the field of public health during the Progressive era, when middleclass reformers first attempted to order American society through integrated systems. In his native state of Tennessee, between 1908 and 1915 Brown created a public health enforcement agency, began educating the masses to public health needs, waged flamboyant campaigns against those who violated the laws, and attracted widespread support for pure food and drug control. Moving on to become director of the Bureau of Food and Drugs in the New York City Department of Health in 1915, he continued his battle for public health reform amidst the maze of government agencies and political power struggles surrounding Tammany Hall.In Many respects Brown was typical of Progressive reformers. A middleclass, AngloSaxon Protestant and a professional, he represented a link between the nineteenthcentury agrarian and the twentiethcentury urbanite. More importantly, Brown exemplified a new character on the American scene: a scientist out of the agriculturalexperimentstation mold entering public life, ready to challenge politicians on their own ground.This book contains fresh insights on the history of the public health movement in America, one area of reform that has not received the attention it deserves. Except for incidental references, the major figures of food and drug regulation at the local level have been largely ignored by historians. Lucius Polk Brown’s quest for pure food and drugs is representative of what municipal and state officials, as scientific people, encountered when they fought for the passage of new laws, struggled to enforce existing ones, and battled with the politicians, quacks, ignorance that threatened their efforts.Brown’s diversified career provides a unique opportunity for studying a scientific reformer caught up in the political turmoil of the Progressive era. His experience in government service spanned twelve years and touched on two dissimilar political systems. In focusing on Brown’s struggles, achievements, and failures, Margaret Ripley Wolfe provides a comparative study of state and municipal health administrations, of bureaucratic development in a rural southern state and a northern metropolis. For that reason this book should be of interest to political scientists and public health officials as well as to social historians and students of the Progressive era.
Livsmedelskontroll --- biografi --- historia --- Brown, Lucius Polk, --- History of the Americas
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Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy homeostasis depends on the activity and function of adipose tissue. Adipocytes in mammals fall into two categories classified by their primary functions: white fat cells that mediate energy storage and thermogenic fat cells that counteract hypothermia and obesity through adaptive thermogenesis. Whereas white fat and its function as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ have been studied for decades and are relatively well understood, until recently many aspects of the thermogenic fat biology have remained elusive. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that thermogenic fat cells arise from at least two different developmental origins: the ones of a skeletal muscle-like lineage are now called “classical” brown fat cells, and the rest of the thermogenic fat cells are normally referred to as the beige fat cells. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of interest and studies focusing on the regulation of thermogenic fat cells and potential therapeutics targeting these adipocytes. Here we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of these metabolically active fat cells.
Obesity --- Brown Fat --- Energy Metabolism --- adaptive thermogenesis --- beige fat --- metabolic disease
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"George Brown (1835-1917) was many things during his long life; leader in the Wesleyan Methodist Church in Australasia, explorer, linguist, political activist, apologist for the missionary enterprise, amateur anthropologist, writer, constant traveller, collector of artefacts, photographer and stirrer. He saw himself, at heart, as a missionary. The islands of the Pacific Ocean were the scene of his endeavours, with extended periods lived in Samoa and the New Britain region of today's Papua New Guinea, followed by repeated visits to Tonga, Fiji, the Milne Bay region of Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It could be argued that while he was a missionary in the Pacific region he was not a pacific missionary. Brown gained unwanted notoriety for involvement in a violent confrontation at one point in his career, and lived through conflict in many contexts but he also frequently worked as a peace maker. Policies he helped shape on issues such as church union, Indigenous leadership, representation by lay people and a wider role for women continue to influence Uniting Church in Australia and churches in the Pacific region. His name is still remembered with honour in several parts of the Pacific. Brown's marriage to Sarah Lydia Wallis, daughter of pioneer missionaries to New Zealand, was long and rich. Each strengthened the other and they stand side by side in this account."--Publisher description
Christianity --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Missionaries --- Missions --- Brown, George, --- Wesleyan Methodist Church. --- Brown, G. --- Methodistiaid Wesleyaidd --- Religious adherents --- Methodist Church (Great Britain) --- Wesleyan Methodist Church --- History. --- Oceania --- Description and travel.
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Alteration in adequate energy balance maintenance results in serious disturbances such as obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In Mammals, energy balance is homeostatically controlled through hormonal and neuroendocrine systems which cooperation is based on cross-talk between central and peripheral signals. The hypothalamus as well as peripheral hormones among which adipokines from adipose tissue and thyroid hormones play a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms through which hormonal and neuroendocrine systems regulate energy balance has been a long-standing challenge in biology and is now more necessary when considering the world-wide increasing prevalence of obesity. Indeed, recognizing and understanding the biochemical and nutrient signaling pathways contributing to the nervous and endocrine integration of physiological mechanisms involved in the normal and/or abnormal regulation of energy balance is fundamental also to the development of new, effective, and targeted treatments for obesity. Recent studies have highlighted the role of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling energy expenditure and food intake. This is accomplished through a precise balance of production and degradation of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, an anorexigenic neuropeptide which is degraded to an inactive form unable to inhibit food intake by the key enzyme prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP), thus suggesting that pharmacologic approaches targeting PRCP may provide a novel and effective option for the management of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Indeed, efforts have been made to generate potent, brain-penetrant PRCP inhibitors. Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal for obese subjects not always reachable by dietary caloric restriction or increased physical activity. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. Recently, it has been reported that thyroid hormone (TH)- derivatives such as 3,5-diiodothyronine and 3-iodothyronamine possess interesting biological activities, opening new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivatives therapeutic usage. Moreover, several studies, focusing on the interaction between thyroid hormone (TH), the autonomic nervous system and the liver, revealed an important role for the hypothalamus in the differential effects of TH on autonomic outflow to peripheral organs controlling energy balance. This Research Topic aims to give a comprehensive and integrate view of the factors involved in the endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling in energy balance regulation to highlight their involvement into physiological processes and regulatory systems as well as their perturbation during pathological processes.
Uncoupling --- Mitochondria --- catch up fat --- brown adipose tissue --- Thyroid Hormones --- Lipid Metabolism --- energy balance --- Apelin --- melanocortin --- Adipogenesis
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This book explores images of single and married men in C.B. Brown's Monthly Magazine and concludes that Brown used his periodical as a vehicle for validating bachelorhood as a viable alternative form of masculinity.
Periodicals --- Men --- Masculinity in literature. --- Patriarchy in literature. --- Bachelors in literature. --- Men in literature. --- Publishing --- History --- Books and reading --- Brown, Charles Brockden, --- Political and social views. --- Masculinity (Psychology) in literature --- Journals (Periodicals) --- Magazines --- Library materials --- Mass media --- Serial publications --- Newspapers --- Press --- Brown, C. B. --- Brown, Brockden, --- C. B. B. --- B., C. B. --- Poplicola, --- Author of An address to the government of the United States, on the cession of Louisiana, --- Address to the government of the United States, on the cession of Louisiana, Author of, --- French counsellor of state, --- edgar --- huntly --- monthly --- magazine --- charles --- brockden --- brown --- brown's --- periodical --- early
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neurology --- neuromuscular pathology --- Neurology --- Neuromuscular diseases --- Neurology. --- Neuromuscular diseases. --- Neuromuscular Diseases. --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neuromotor disorders --- Neuromuscular disorders --- Muscles --- Cramp-Fasciculation Syndrome --- Fasciculation-Cramp Syndrome, Benign --- Foley-Denny-Brown Syndrome --- Oppenheim's Disease --- Amyotonia Congenita --- Oppenheim Disease --- Benign Fasciculation-Cramp Syndrome --- Benign Fasciculation-Cramp Syndromes --- Cramp Fasciculation Syndrome --- Cramp-Fasciculation Syndromes --- Fasciculation Cramp Syndrome, Benign --- Fasciculation-Cramp Syndromes, Benign --- Foley Denny Brown Syndrome --- Neuromuscular Disease --- Oppenheims Disease --- Syndrome, Cramp-Fasciculation --- Syndrome, Foley-Denny-Brown --- Syndromes, Cramp-Fasciculation --- Diseases --- Neuropathology
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Wie wirkmächtig ist die kritische Moralphilosophie Kants heute? Im Foucault'schen Sinne einer kritischen Ontologie fragt Tatjana Schönwälder-Kuntze nach dem für unsere Gegenwart so bedeutenden Konstrukt und zeigt, dass in der modernen Bestimmung von Freiheit und Subjektivität der Denkraum aufgespannt worden ist, innerhalb dessen nicht nur die Praktische Philosophie bis heute gedacht wird (und gedacht werden darf). Zudem bietet die Studie eine umfassende Konstruktionsanalyse der Kantischen Moralphilosophie, die den Fokus auf deren durch die Problemstellung bedingte Genese sowie auf die so entstandene Architektur legt. »Das Buchliefert eine sorgfältige Analyse von Kants praktischer Philosophie ebenso wie wichtige Anstöße, diese nicht unkritisch zu übernehmen.« Christine Bratu, Philosophisches Jahrbuch, 121/11 (2014) »[S]chönwälder-Kuntzes zeigt Arbeit dem Leser, wie man aufgrund eines breiten und reflektierten Instrumentariums der Theoriebildungsanalyse nicht nur Kants praktische Philosophie, sondern auch deren Wirkung bis heute höchst fruchtbar in den Blick nehmen kann.« Alexander von Pechmann, Widerspruch, (2011) »Indem das Buch nicht nur einen Beitrag zur ›kritischen Ontologie des Selbst‹ darstellt, sondern auch die Grenzen des kant'schen Denkraums aufzeigt, eignet es sich sowohl für Leser, die Kants Theoriegebäude durchdringen wollen, als auch für diejenigen, die über die Disziplin der Philosophie hinaus Freiheit denken wollen.« Fabian Gödeke, www.socialnet.de, 16.11.2010
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Die vorliegende Untersuchung wird als Voraussetzung für weitere Interpretationen zunächst in einer möglichst umfassenden Quellenanalyse die Daten der untersuchten Entwicklung erfassen. Diese sprachgeschichtlichen Daten können dann mit dem Hintergrund der äußeren Sprachgeschichte und mit allgemeintypologischen Annahmen über die Entwicklung von Anredesystemen in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Die Besonderheiten der tschechischen Entwicklung sollen darüber hinaus durch einen Vergleich mit den entsprechenden Entwicklungen im Polnischen und Deutschen deutlich gemacht werden. Auf dieser Grundlage wird schließlich eine Gesamtcharakteristik der Entwicklung der pronominalen Anrede im Tschechischen und eine Bewertung der Rolle der Nationalen Wiedergeburt versucht werden.
linguistics --- history --- 1700 --- 1850 --- Anredepronomina --- Betsch --- Brown und Gilman --- Diskontinuität --- Dobrovsky --- Jan Blahoslav --- Merkmale der Anredepronomina --- pronominalen Anrede --- System --- Tradition --- tschechischen
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Why did the novel become so popular in the past three centuries, and how did the American novel contribute to this trend? As a key provider of the narrative frames and formulas needed by modern individuals to give meaning and mooring to their lives. Drawing on phenomenological hermeneutics, human geography and social psychology, Laura Bieger contends that belonging is not a given; it is continuously produced by narrative. Against the current emphasis on metaphors of movement and destabilization, she explores the salience and significance of home. Challenging views of narrative as a mechanism of ideology, she approaches narrative as a practical component of dwelling in the world - and the novel a primary place-making agent. O-Ton: »US elections: is US media more polarized than the people?« - Laura Bieger in The Northern Times on 02.12.2020. Besprochen in: IDA-NRW, 4 (2018)
American fiction --- History and criticism --- Theory, etc. --- America. --- American Novel. --- American Studies. --- Cultural History. --- Cultural Studies. --- Literary Studies. --- Literature. --- Space and Place. --- Narrative Theory; American Novel; Space and Place; Literature; America; American Studies; Cultural History; Cultural Studies; Literary Studies --- Brown, Charles Brockden, --- Jewett, Sarah Orne, --- Roth, Henry. --- Powers, Richard, --- Call it sleep (Roth, Henry) --- Country of the pointed firs (Jewett, Sarah Orne) --- Edgar Huntly (Brown, Charles Brockden)
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