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Five papers were selected for this Special Issue, with three relating to solar energy applications in houses, smart cities, and microgrids; one studying the relationship between the smart city model and the concept of energy sustainability; and one addressing the following two topics: the lack of effectiveness of detection algorithms based on the voltage/frequency displacement concept under voltage-controlled inverters and the applicability limits of others based on the impedance measurement (IM).

voltage source converters --- thermal performance --- carbon-acetone nanofluid --- solar cooling --- n-pentane --- graphene --- renewable energy --- environmental sustainability --- impedance measurement --- microgrids --- energy security --- Thermal performance --- isolated community --- tilt angle --- TRNSYS --- filling ratio --- Energy Trilemma Index --- thermosyphon --- anti-islanding --- energy sustainability --- evacuated tube --- PV self-consumption --- solar collector --- smart cities --- absorption chiller

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This book, titled “Electronic Noses for Biomedical Applications and Environmental Monitoring”, includes original research works and reviews concerning the use of electronic nose technology in two of the more useful and interesting fields related to chemical compounds detection of gases. Authors have explained their latest research work, including different gas sensors and materials based on nanotechnology and novel applications of electronic noses for the detection of diverse diseases. Some reviews related to disease detection through breath analysis, odor monitoring systems standardization, and seawater quality monitoring are also included.

chemical sensors --- eNose --- environmental monitoring --- seawater --- sensors --- volatile organic compounds --- gas sensors --- volatile organic compounds (VOCs) --- acetone --- metal oxides --- heterojunctions --- electronic nose --- biosensor --- diabetes --- FOX 4000 --- FAIMS --- urine sample --- non-invasive diagnosis --- medical application --- gas sensor --- SAW --- surface acoustic wave --- Love wave --- breath --- VOC --- ZIF --- Zeolite --- Campylobacter jejuni --- VOCs --- GC-MS SPME --- nanowire sensors --- PCA --- nanofibres --- tin oxide --- NO2 --- pollution --- electrospinning --- low detection temperature --- biomarkers --- diseases --- digestive system --- respiratory system --- air quality --- technical standards --- quality protocols --- emission monitoring --- sensor arrays --- performance testing --- minimum requirements

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With recent technological advances in multiple research fields such as materials science, micro-/nano-technology, cellular and molecular biology, bioengineering and the environment, much attention is shifting toward the development of new detection tools that not only address needs for high sensitivity and specificity but fulfil economic, environmental, and rapid point-of-care needs for groups and individuals with constrained resources and, possibly, limited training. Miniaturized fluidics-based platforms that precisely manipulate tiny body fluid volumes can be used for medical, healthcare or even environmental (e.g., heavy metal detection) diagnosis in a rapid and accurate manner. These new detection technologies are potentially applicable to different healthcare or environmental issues, since they are disposable, inexpensive, portable, and easy to use for the detection of human diseases or environmental issues—especially when they are manufactured based on low-cost materials, such as paper. The topics in this book (original and review articles) would cover point-of-care detection devices, microfluidic or paper-based detection devices, new materials for making detection devices, and others.

sepsis --- PCT --- procalcitonin --- immunoassay --- antibiotic --- chemiluminescence --- immunofluorescence --- n/a --- origami-based paper analytic device --- origami ELISA --- IgG --- paraquat --- diabetes mellitus --- ketone bodies --- human breath --- acetone --- beta-hydroxybutyrate --- acetoacetate --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- type 2 diabetes --- diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) --- electrocardiogram (ECG) --- photoplethysmography (PPG) --- percussion entropy index (PEI) --- decision making, computer-assisted --- decision support systems, clinical --- precision medicine --- computational biology --- molecular tumor board --- cBioPortal --- requirements analysis --- neoplasms --- pH value --- diagnosis --- skin --- wound --- blood --- coagulation --- hemostasis --- point of care --- ROTEM --- TEG --- thromboelastography --- VHA --- viscoelastic testing --- partial-thickness burn injury --- burn blister fluid --- P-ELISA --- angiogenin --- burn wound healing --- Alzheimer’s disease --- β-amyloid peptide --- paper-based ELISA --- P-ELISA, point of care testing --- microfluidics --- point-of-care diagnostics --- antimicrobial resistance --- lab-on-a-chip --- capillary-driven flow --- capillary action --- detections --- smartphone imaging --- lateral flow assay --- immuno-chromatographic --- gold nanoparticles sensor --- UV/Vis spectrophotometer --- malaria pan rapid diagnostic strip --- point-of-care --- Alzheimer's disease

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The subject of this book is ""Biofuel and Bioenergy Technology"". It aims to publish high-quality review and research papers, addressing recent advances in biofuel and bioenergy. State-of-the-art studies of advanced techniques of biorefinery for biofuel production are also included. Research involving experimental studies, recent developments, and novel and emerging technologies in this field are covered. This book contains twenty-seven technical papers which cover diversified biofuel and bioenergy technology-related research that have shown critical results and contributed significant findings to the fields of biomass processing, pyrolysis, bio-oil and its emulsification; transesterification and biodiesel, gasification and syngas, fermentation and biogas/methane, bioethanol and alcohol-based fuels, solid fuel and biochar, and microbial fuel cell and power generation development. The published contents relate to the most important techniques and analyses applied in the biofuel and bioenergy technology.

equilibrium model --- simulation --- syngas --- waste biomass --- calcination --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- combined pretreatment --- anaerobic digestion --- alkali pretreatment --- validation --- biodiesel --- synergistic effect --- relative humidity --- unbleached paper --- synergistic effects --- waste wood --- RSM --- stone fruit --- corn stover --- microbial community --- fatty acid methyl ester --- acid pretreatment --- energy exchange --- coal-fired flue-gas --- bio-electro-Fenton microbial fuel cells (Bio-E-Fenton MFCs) --- SOFC --- lignocellulose --- bio-oils --- diesel --- seed oil --- Clostridiales --- liquefaction --- sewage sludge --- counter-flow structure --- lignin recovery --- Vietnam --- iodine value --- hydrodynamic boundary layer --- energy yield --- second-generation biodiesel --- CHO index --- Jerusalem artichoke --- Carica papaya --- mass yield --- biochemical methane potential --- Chlorella --- engine performance --- emulsification --- single cell oil --- chemical oxygen demand (COD) --- anaerobic fermentation --- superabsorbent polymer --- isopropanol --- viscosity --- esterification --- mathematical modeling --- charge transfer resistance --- ball mill --- Annona muricata --- membrane bioreactors --- ethanol organosolv --- direct transesterification --- Methanothermobacter --- screening --- Rhodotorula glutinis --- pyrolytic oil --- acetone --- soursop --- degradation --- torrefaction --- alcohols --- electroactive biofilm --- nitric acid --- organosolv pretreatment --- optimisation --- digester performance --- biodiesel production --- air-steam gasification --- acidity index --- prairie cord grass --- thermophoretic force --- recirculation mode --- wastewater --- alkanes --- tar --- biogas production --- two-step process --- thermogravimetric analysis --- electrochemical hydrogenation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- herbaceous biomass --- hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio --- solid biofuel --- biodiesel testing --- catalyst --- exergy --- membrane contamination --- characterisation --- Nejayote --- methane --- photo catalyst --- gross calorific value --- bioreactors --- wastewater treatment --- response surface methodology --- MFC --- redox potential reduction --- microbial biofuel --- ethanol fermentation --- mechanical durability --- Van Krevelen diagram --- biodiesel property --- direct interspecies electron transfer --- lignocellulosic biomass --- methane and carbon dioxide conversion --- liquid lipase --- non-premixed combustion --- hydrogen-producing bacteria --- surfactant --- Taguchi method --- shear rate --- carbon dioxide --- calorific value --- biomass fuel --- granular activated carbon --- porosity --- biogas --- Miscanthus --- mixotrophic cultivation --- first-law/second-law efficiency --- voltage --- microbial community composition --- small-scale biogas plants --- mechanical pretreatment --- developing countries --- transesterification --- process stability --- co-surfactant --- thermophilic anaerobic digestion --- tri-reforming process --- metabolic engineering --- exergy efficiency