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Legionella spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, hotels, and rental units are often contaminated by legionellae and various parameters such as physical, chemical, and microbial building water system characteristics can influence Legionella occurrence. A range of physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed to control Legionella contamination; however, to date, the most effective procedures have not been defined. There is a need to survey legionellae in water systems to prevent legionellosis. Although the assessment of L. pneumophila in water is typically performed by culture isolation on selective media, it has several limits. For this reason, alternative tools for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in water samples have been proposed. In order to increase knowledge on different aspects of Legionella contamination in the water environment, this book gathers research studies related to the occurrence of Legionella in water systems of different environments; the role of different factors that can influence the Legionella contamination, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches.

WTP 828 --- Legionella --- risk assessment plan --- water quality --- microbial analysis --- chemical analysis --- distal site positivity --- hot water return line --- chlorine --- HPC --- temperature --- water management --- free-living amoebae --- biological biocide --- cooling towers --- Legionella pneumophila --- protozoa --- Vermamoeba --- Acanthamoeba --- potable water --- hospital water --- water disinfection --- legionellosis --- Dental unit waterlines --- Legionella spp. --- risk management --- disinfection --- SBT --- molecular diversity --- hotels --- Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) --- Surgical Handwashing Outlets (SHWOs) --- sensor-activated faucets --- free-living amoebae (FLA) --- virulence genes --- Willaertia magna C2c Maky --- culture media --- environmental monitoring --- quality control --- first draw --- second draw --- biofilm --- whole genome sequencing --- premise plumbing systems --- Legiolert --- ISO 11731 --- plate culture --- potable water samples --- flint --- copper --- PEX --- iron --- premise plumbing --- Legionnaires’ disease --- culture --- BCYE and GVPC media --- MLVA-genotypes --- clonal complex --- West Bank --- non-tuberculous mycobacteria --- Pseudomonas --- Acinetobacter --- amoebae --- PVC --- drinking water --- ecotype --- groundwater --- environmental factors --- magnesium --- niche --- n/a --- Legionnaires' disease

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Architectural Design and ConstructionPerfect scales for architectural design and construction Thinking and working in a variety of scales lies at the heart of architecture. What scale should be selected for which design decision? At what point is it sensible to change the scale? What can and ought to be depicted in a true-to-scale architectural drawing? And how can such a drawing remain clear and thus appealing?An architectural drawing is not least a means of communication. It contains pieces of information which are relevant for various recipients. The choice of the appropriate scale determines whether the client or the construction worker understand what is being conveyed.In view of the countless possibilities offered by CAD, the objective of clearly and unambiguously conveying one's own ideas is occasionally lost sight of. The authors, Ansgar Schulz and Benedikt Schulz, provide orientation with their book, exemplarily guiding the architectural drawing back to its original purpose: the creation of exceptional structures. Architektonisches Entwerfen und KonstruierenIdeale Maßstäbe für das architektonische Entwerfen und Konstruieren Das Denken und Arbeiten in unterschiedlichen Maßstäben gehört zum Kern der Architektur. Doch in welchem Maßstab muss welche Entwurfsentscheidung getroffen werden? Zu welchem Zeitpunkt ist es sinnvoll, den Maßstab zu wechseln? Was kann, was soll in einer maßstabsgerechten Architekturzeichnung dargestellt sein? Und wie gelingt es, dass diese Zeichnung übersichtlich, lesbar und dennoch einem ästhetischen Anspruch gerecht wird? Die Architekturzeichnung ist nicht zuletzt ein Mittel der Kommunikation. Sie enthält Informationen, die für unterschiedliche Adressaten relevant sind. Die Wahl des richtigen Maßstabs entscheidet darüber, ob der Bauherr oder der Handwerker versteht, was gemeint ist. Angesichts der zahllosen Möglichkeiten des CAD gerät das Ziel, eigene Ideen klar und eindeutig zu transportieren, bisweilen aus den Augen. Ansgar und Benedikt Schulz geben Orientierung und führen die Architekturzeichnung exemplarisch auf ihren ursprünglichen Zweck zurück: ausgezeichnete Bauwerke zu schaffen.

Architecture --- Dessins et plans --- Architectural designs --- Designs, Architectural --- Architectural drawing --- Proportion (Architecture) --- Architectural design --- Composition (Art) --- Composition, proportion, etc. --- Proportion --- 741:72 --- Architectuurtekenen ; schaal --- Architectuur ; schetsen ; ontwerpen ; plannen --- Architectuurplannen --- Composition, proportion, etc --- Tekenkunst ; architectuurtekeningen --- Composition architecturale --- Echelle --- Dessin d'architecture --- Détail de construction --- Technique de représentation --- Méthodologie du projet --- 72.02 --- Architectuurtekenen --- Ontwerptekenen --- Space (Architecture) --- Computer-aided design. --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Architecture and space --- Space and architectural mass --- Space in architecture --- City planning --- Design and construction --- Dessins et plans. --- Negative space (Architecture) --- Architecture, Primitive --- Technical drawing --- architectural drawing [process] --- draw.

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Biomass can be used to produce renewable electricity, thermal energy, transportation fuels (biofuels), and high-value functional chemicals. As an energy source, biomass can be used either directly via combustion to produce heat or indirectly after it is converted to one of many forms of bioenergy and biofuel via thermochemical or biochemical pathways. The conversion of biomass can be achieved using various advanced methods, which are broadly classified into thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and so on. Advanced development technologies and processes are able to convert biomass into alternative energy sources in solid (e.g., charcoal, biochar, and RDF), liquid (biodiesel, algae biofuel, bioethanol, and pyrolysis and liquefaction bio-oils), and gaseous (e.g., biogas, syngas, and biohydrogen) forms. Because of the merits of biomass energy for environmental sustainability, biofuel and bioenergy technologies play a crucial role in renewable energy development and the replacement of chemicals by highly functional biomass. This book provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research addressing recent progress in biomass conversion processes. It also covers studies on advanced techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production.

oxidation stability --- power density --- lipids --- pre-treatment --- dark fermentation --- hydrodeoxygenation --- combustion characteristics --- hydrogen --- feed solution --- emission --- cow manure --- anaerobic digestion --- synergistic effect --- biodiesel --- thermophilic --- mesophilic --- antioxidant --- crude oil --- biofuel --- rice husk --- base-catalyzed transesterification --- enzymatic digestibility --- fatty acid methyl ester --- coffee mucilage --- osmotic membrane --- fermentation --- forward osmosis --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- lignocellulose --- dimethyl carbonate --- diesel --- triacylglycerides --- drop-in fuel --- draw solution --- subcritical methanol --- free fatty acids --- Rhus typhina biodiesel --- sewage sludge --- alternative fuel --- vacuum --- intake temperature --- Physico-chemical properties --- bioethanol --- energy yield --- tert-butylhydroquinone --- non-edible oil --- biomass --- nano-catalysts --- Fatty Acid Methyl Ester --- bioenergy --- direct carbon fuel cell --- viscosity --- FAME yield --- reaction kinetics --- gasification --- operating conditions --- injection strategies --- instar --- butylated hydroxyanisole --- torrefaction --- nanomagnetic catalyst --- fatty acid methyl esters --- crude glycerol --- renewable energy --- pyrolysis --- glycerol carbonate --- single-pellet combustion --- biodiesel production --- nanotechnology --- microwave irradiation --- pressure-retarded osmosis --- black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) --- technology development --- concentration polarization --- waste --- nano-additives --- bio-jet fuel --- kinetic study --- thermogravimetric analysis --- rubber seed oil --- combustion --- potato peels --- power generation --- response surface --- biochar --- lipid --- organic wastes --- extrusion --- co-combustion --- biomass pretreatment --- microwave --- hardwood --- Rancimat method --- anaerobic treatment --- post-treatment --- fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) --- biogas --- GCI --- compression ratio --- membrane fouling --- environment --- rice straw --- pretreatment --- free fatty acid --- palm oil mill effluent --- acclimatization --- Box-Behnken design

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This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes.

tube hydroforming --- small-diameter tube --- magnesium alloy --- warm working --- deformation characteristics --- forming defects --- forming limit --- bellows forming --- vision-based sensor --- fuzzy control --- semi-dieless forming --- local heating --- metal spinning --- tube forming --- incremental forming --- numerical control --- hydroforming --- overlapping blank --- variable-diameter part --- thickness --- ultra-thin walled tube --- tube bending --- laminated mandrel --- rotary draw bending --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- deformation property --- lightweight structure --- bending --- formability --- numerical methods --- processing technology --- crash safety --- hot bending --- partial-quench --- FEM --- strip friction test --- friction coefficient --- surface roughness --- sliding speed --- contact pressure --- movable die --- loading path --- finite element simulation --- irregular bellows --- metal tube --- planetary ball dies --- diameter reduction process --- forming limits --- biaxial stretching --- forming limit measurement --- experimental design --- strain rate sensitivity --- elevated temperatures --- pneumatic forming --- drawing --- flaring --- tube expansion --- plug drawing --- thickness reduction --- hydro-flanging --- punch head shape --- finite element analysis --- alumimum alloy --- tube bulging test --- formability test --- biaxial strain --- local rubber bulging --- cutout shape --- slit length --- two-layer tube --- rigid plasticity --- arbitrary yield criterion --- arbitrary hardening law --- analytic solution --- magnesium alloy tube --- warm hydroforming --- non-uniform temperature field --- protrusion type forming --- wall thickness distribution --- coupled thermal-structural analysis --- optimization --- n/a

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This book represents one of the most up-to-date collections of articles on clinical practice and research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The scholars who contributed to this book are experts in their field, carrying out cutting edge research in prestigious institutes worldwide (e.g., Harvard Medical School, University of California, MIND Institute, King’s College, Karolinska Institute, and many others). The book addressed many topics, including (1) The COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Epidemiology and prevalence; (3) Screening and early behavioral markers; (4) Diagnostic and phenotypic profile; (5) Treatment and intervention; (6) Etiopathogenesis (biomarkers, biology, and genetic, epigenetic, and risk factors); (7) Comorbidity; (8) Adulthood; and (9) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). This book testifies to the complexity of performing research in the field of ASD. The published contributions underline areas of progress and ongoing challenges in which more certain data is expected in the coming years. It would be desirable that experts, clinicians, researchers, and trainees could have the opportunity to read this updated text describing the challenging heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

autism spectrum disorder --- infants --- frontal EEG alpha asymmetry --- early detection --- autism spectrum disorders --- toddlers --- eye tracking --- joint attention --- longitudinal --- regression --- cytokines --- PAI-1 --- neuroinflammation --- gastrointestinal --- autism --- literature review --- comorbidity --- early intervention --- early intensive behavioral intervention --- behavioral intervention --- First Year Inventory --- early screening --- risk --- cross-cultural generalisability --- validity --- preschool teachers --- self-efficacy --- knowledge --- belief --- skills --- identify --- autism spectrum disorder (ASD) --- level 1 and level 2 screening tools --- systematic review --- COSMIN --- PRISMA --- screening --- infection --- prion --- meta-analysis --- motion analysis --- video signal processing --- neurodevelopmental disorders --- infant screening --- n/a --- developmental language disorder --- semantic features --- word learning --- central coherence --- biomarker --- p-cresol --- mouse social behavior --- dopamine --- ASD --- vision --- proprioception --- self-motion --- immersive virtual reality --- IVR --- HMD --- technology --- persuasive text writing --- perspective-taking --- adolescence --- intervention --- sign language --- imitation --- cognition --- language acquisition --- prevalence estimate --- predictors --- surveillance review --- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) --- early intensive intervention --- developmental trajectories --- moderators and mediators of intervention. --- psychosis --- schizophrenia --- psychopathology --- AQ --- accuracy --- attention to detail --- self-awareness --- insight --- preconception risk factor --- Gilles de la Tourette --- obsession --- compulsion --- social behavior --- social impairment --- sensory profile --- sensory responsiveness --- feeding problems --- short sensory profile (SSP) --- sensory experience questionnaire (SEQ) --- coronavirus --- 2019-nCoV --- neurodevelopment --- child and adolescent psychiatry --- mental health prevention --- Asperger syndrome --- adults --- cerebrospinal fluid --- antibodies --- blood–brain barrier --- GAD65 --- Early Start Denver Model --- high-risk infants --- motor development --- high-functioning autism --- language --- experience --- communication --- autonomic nervous system --- wearable technologies --- EEG --- theory of mind --- adults and adolescents --- human figure drawings --- Draw-a-Man --- drawings maturity --- social perception --- ERP --- reward response --- RewP --- sensitization --- social skills intervention --- PEERS® --- adulthood --- diagnosis --- autistic traits --- action observation --- action prediction --- context --- priors --- hypothalamus --- amygdala --- oxytocin --- social cognition --- social interaction --- affiliative behavior --- neuroimaging --- COVID-19 --- challenging behavior --- dental care --- oral health --- medical procedures --- ICT --- wearable sensors --- migration --- Europe --- health system --- autism in adulthood --- intellectual disability --- regressive autism --- epilepsy --- challenging behaviors --- empathy --- executive functions --- attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder --- disruptive behavior disorders --- alexithymia --- anxiety --- depression --- TAS-20 --- TSIA --- parents --- broader autism phenotype --- autistic-like features --- social-cognitive development --- stereotypical behaviors --- visual impairment --- language profiles --- grammatical comprehension --- cannabinoids --- cannabidiol --- cannabidivarin --- THC --- problem behaviors --- sleep --- hyperactivity --- side effects --- motor performance skills --- Gulf --- BOT-2 --- machine learning --- employment --- telehealth --- ABA --- RCT --- cortisol --- group activity --- stress --- art --- assessment --- sensorimotor integration --- postural balance --- false positive report probability (FPRP) --- Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP) --- Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) --- microbiome --- metabolomics --- study design --- biomarker discovery --- precise medicine --- bipolar disorder --- suicidal ideation --- suicidal attempts --- blood-brain barrier