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Thermal conductivity. --- Coefficient of conductivity --- Conductivity, Heat --- Conductivity, Thermal --- Heat conductivity --- Heat --- Transport theory --- Conduction --- Measurement --- Nanofluids --- Thermal properties.
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The concept of regression was introduced by Legendre in 1805 and advanced by Gauss in 1809. The term was popularized after Galton's 1886 article. Contribution of R. A. Fisher in the early 20th century was instrumental to the spread of the method to every scientific branch. Regression analysis, used in economics and many other fields, is now the most commonly used statistical method. Although few would characterize this technique as simple, regression is in fact both simple and elegant. The complexity that many attribute to regression analysis is often a reflection of their lack of familiarity with the language of mathematics. But regression analysis can be understood even without the mastery of sophisticated mathematical concepts. This book provides the foundation of regression analysis in a way that is easy to comprehend. All the examples are from economics and in almost all the examples real data are used to show the application of the method.
Economics --- Regression analysis. --- Statistical methods. --- analysis --- causality --- ceteris paribus --- coefficient of determination --- control variables --- error --- goodness of fit --- inference --- misspecification --- model --- proxy variables --- regression --- spurious regression --- Stata
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The analysis in this paper suggests that import and export volume elasticities are markedly lower in oil-exporting Middle East and Central Asian countries than in non-oil countries in the region. A key implication of this finding is that a real appreciation of the exchange rate in oil-exporting countries would achieve little in terms of expenditure switching: an appreciation does not boost imports and non-oil exports constitute only a small share of GDP and total trade in these countries. Therefore, while a real appreciation lowers the current account surplus of oil-exporting countries through valuation effects, the contribution to lowering global imbalances may be more limited.
Elasticity (Economics) --- Econometric models. --- Coefficient of elasticity --- Demand elasticity --- Elasticity, Coefficient of --- Elasticity of demand --- Price elasticity of demand --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Trade: General --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- International economics --- Trade balance --- Export prices --- Exports --- Import prices --- Imports --- Balance of trade --- Saudi Arabia
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Using a consistent dataset and methodology for all eight member countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) from 1994 to 2009, this paper provides evidence of the two major channels for real effects of inflation: inflation uncertainty and relative price variability. In line with theory and most evidence for advanced and emerging market economies, higher inflation increases inflation uncertainty and relative price variability in all WAEMU countries. However, the pattern, magnitude and timing of these two channels vary considerably by country. The findings raise several policy issues for future research.
Inflation (Finance) --- Elasticity (Economics) --- Coefficient of elasticity --- Demand elasticity --- Elasticity, Coefficient of --- Elasticity of demand --- Price elasticity of demand --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Finance --- Natural rate of unemployment --- Econometric models. --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Financial Aspects of Economic Integration --- Commodity Markets --- International economics --- Consumer price indexes --- Monetary unions --- Commodity price shocks --- Prices --- Price indexes --- Guinea
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Trade elasticities are often needed in applied country work for various purposes and this paper describes a method for estimating import demand and export supply elasticities withoutusing econometrics. The paper reports empirical estimates of these elasticities for a large number of low, middle, and upper income countries. One task for which trade elasticities are needed is in developing exchange rate assessments and this paper shows how the estimated elasticities can be used for this purpose.
Imports --- Exports --- Elasticity (Economics) --- International trade --- Mathematical models. --- Econometric models. --- Coefficient of elasticity --- Demand elasticity --- Elasticity, Coefficient of --- Elasticity of demand --- Price elasticity of demand --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Exports and Imports --- Economic Theory --- Trade: General --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Prices --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- International economics --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Trade balance --- Supply elasticity --- Elasticity --- Balance of trade --- United States
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This book creates a balance between the theory, practical applications, and computer implementation behind Regression--one of the most widely used techniques in analyzing and solving real world problems. The book begins with a thorough explanation of prerequisite knowledge with a discussion of Simple Regression Analysis including the computer applications. This is followed by Multiple Regression--a widely used tool to predict a response variable using two or more predictors. Since the analyses of regression models involve tedious and complex computations, complete computer analysis including the interpretation of multiple regression problems along with the model adequacy tests and residual analysis using widely used computer software are presented. The use of computers relieves the analyst of tedious, repetitive calculations, and allows one to focus on creating and interpreting successful models. Finally, the book extends the concepts to Regression and Modeling. Different models that provide a good fit to a set of data and provide a good prediction of the response variable are discussed. Among models discussed are the nonlinear, higher order, and interaction models, including models with qualitative variables. Computer analysis and interpretation of computer results are presented with real world applications. We also discuss all subset regression and stepwise regression with applications. Several flow charts are presented to illustrate the concepts. The statistical concepts for regression, computer instructions for the software-- Excel and MINITAB--used in the book and all of the data files used can be downloaded from the website link provided.
Regression analysis --- Data processing. --- coefficient of correlation --- correlation --- dependent variable --- dummy variable --- independent variable --- interaction model --- least squares estimates --- least squares prediction equation --- linear regression --- multiple coefficient of determination --- multiple regression and modeling --- nonlinear models --- regression line --- residual analysis --- scatterplot --- second-order model --- stepwise regression
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The stylized fact that strong economic growth is usually accompanied with strong export growth leads many people to conclude that the export sector is the main driving force behind those episodes. The model in this paper, however, shows that the non-tradable sector may also generate high economic growth together with high export growth. Evidence shows that out of 71 "so-called" export-led growth episodes, only 37 of them are consistent with the "exports driving growth" hypothesis. Most of the remaining episodes (24 cases) experienced significant real exchange rate depreciation and are more likely to be characterized by "growth driving exports".
Exports --- Foreign exchange rates --- Elasticity (Economics) --- Econometric models. --- Coefficient of elasticity --- Demand elasticity --- Elasticity, Coefficient of --- Elasticity of demand --- Price elasticity of demand --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Economics --- International trade --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Economic Theory --- Production and Operations Management --- Trade: General --- Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis --- Prices --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Economic theory & philosophy --- Macroeconomics --- Export performance --- Real exchange rates --- Labor productivity --- Elasticity --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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We examine the interest rate elasticity of housing prices, advancingthe empirical literature in two directions. First, we take a commonly used cross-country panel dataset and evaluate the housing price equation using a consistent estimator in the presence of endogenous explanatory variables and a lagged dependent variable. Second, we carry-out a novel analysis of determinants of residential housing prices in a cross-section of countries. Our results show that the short-term interest rate, and hence monetary policy, has a sizable impact on residential housing prices.
Interest rates --- Elasticity (Economics) --- Housing --- Econometric models. --- Prices --- Affordable housing --- Homes --- Houses --- Housing needs --- Residences --- Slum clearance --- Urban housing --- Coefficient of elasticity --- Demand elasticity --- Elasticity, Coefficient of --- Elasticity of demand --- Price elasticity of demand --- Social aspects --- City planning --- Dwellings --- Human settlements --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Banks and Banking --- Infrastructure --- Real Estate --- Industries: Financial Services --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Property & real estate --- Macroeconomics --- Finance --- Housing prices --- Short term interest rates --- Real estate prices --- Saving and investment --- United States
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This paper finds that the estimates of Armington elasticities (the elasticity of substitution between groups of products identified by country of origin) obtained from multilateral trade data can differ from those obtained from bilateral trade data. In particular, the former tends to be higher than the latter when trade consists largely of intermediate inputs. Given that the variety of intermediate inputs traded across borders is increasing rapidly, and that the effect of this increase is not adequately captured in multilateral trade data, the evidence shows that the use of multilateral trade data to estimate Armington elasticities needs caution.
Elasticity (Economics) --- Commercial policy --- International trade --- Foreign trade policy --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Coefficient of elasticity --- Demand elasticity --- Elasticity, Coefficient of --- Elasticity of demand --- Price elasticity of demand --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Economics --- Econometric models. --- Government policy --- Investments: Commodities --- Exports and Imports --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Empirical Studies of Trade --- Model Construction and Estimation --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Agriculture: General --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Manufacturing industries --- Investment & securities --- Manufacturing --- Agricultural commodities --- Multilateral trade --- Plurilateral trade --- Imports --- Economic sectors --- Commodities --- Farm produce --- United States
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This work examines the links between economic growth, changing employment conditions, and the reduction of poverty in Latin America in the 2000s.
Economic development --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Poverty --- Economics --- Latin America. --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- economic growth --- employment conditions --- reduction of poverty --- latin america --- Financial crisis of 2007–08 --- Gini coefficient --- Gross domestic product --- Labour economics --- Social security --- Unemployment
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