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Metaphoric language is very much the product of human action, and many scholars now claim that metaphor in language arises from metaphors in thought. But the reasons for why we think metaphorically and speak (gesture) in these ways may be rooted in principles of self-organization that describe the existence, and forms, of many other animate and inanimate things, ranging from snowflakes to termite nests. This chapter describes the benefits of looking at metaphor from a self-organizational point of view, known as dynamical systems theory, and suggests how this perspective can solve several long-

Lexicology. Semantics --- Mass communications --- Metaphor --- Communication --- #SBIB:309H511 --- #SBIB:309H516 --- Metaphor. --- Communication. --- Communication, Primitive --- Mass communication --- Sociology --- Parabole --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Verbale communicatie: algemene pragmatiek, stilistiek en teksttheorie, discoursanalyse --- Verbale communicatie: retoriek --- Communicatie --- Metaforen --- Communicatie. --- Metaforen.

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Translating and interpreting --- Vertalen --- Metaphor --- Metaforen --- Fraseologie. --- Interdisciplinaire research --- Lexicologie. --- Psycholinguïstiek. --- Interdisciplinary research --- Phraseology. --- Lexicology. --- Psycholinguistics. --- Research --- Methodology. --- research --- methodologie. --- Psycholinguistics --- Translation science --- Phraseology --- Lexicology --- Methodology --- Methodologie. --- Translating and interpreting - Research - Methodology --- Metaphor - Research - Methodology --- Interdisciplinary research - Methodology

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Dans la métaphore, on voit ordinairement un usage particulier, “ figuratif ”, du langage, propre à la poésie et à la rhétorique. Lakoff et Johnson critiquent ce point de vue ; ils montrent que notre langage tout entier, dans son usage le plus quotidien et terre à terre, est traversé par la métaphore. Il y a des aspects fondamentaux de notre expérience dont nous ne pouvons pas ne pas parler de façon métaphorique, tout simplement parce que les concepts au moyen desquels nous appréhendons ces aspects de l’expérience sont d’emblée métaphoriques. Il y a métaphore, selon Lakoff et Johnson, lorsque nous appréhendons quelque chose – un aspect de la réalité – en termes d’autre chose. L’étude minutieuse de notre langage quotidien révèle que nous traitons le temps sur le modèle de l’espace, la discussion sur le modèle de la guerre, etc. Ces métaphores (largement culturelles) ne sont pas de simples façons de parler : elles sont constitutives de notre pensée, de notre expérience du monde, et informent ce que nous appelons la “ réalité ”.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Philosophy of language --- Metaphor. --- Truth. --- enge 837.5 --- Engels - semantiek, homoniemen, synoniemen --- -Metaphor --- Metaforen --- 316.77 --- Concepts --- Language and languages --- Truth --- Conviction --- Parabole --- Concept formation --- Foreign languages --- Languages --- 316.77 Communicatiesociologie --- Communicatiesociologie --- Philosophy --- Concepts. --- Philosophy. --- taalkunde --- Engels --- Belief and doubt --- Skepticism --- Certainty --- Necessity (Philosophy) --- Pragmatism --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Abstraction --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Perception --- Psychology --- Anthropology --- Communication --- Ethnology --- Information theory --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Philology --- Linguistics --- Metaforen. --- Metaphor --- Langage et langues --- Métaphore --- Vérité --- Philosophie --- #KVHA:Algemene taalkunde --- Language and languages - Philosophy --- METAPHOR --- LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES --- SEMANTICS --- PHILOSOPHY