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Plants --- Plant Physiological Phenomena --- Botany --- PLANTS --- PLANT CELLS --- PLANT TISSUES --- CELL BIOLOGY --- TREATISES --- COMPARTMENTS --- CELL WALLS --- VACUOLES --- PLASTIDS --- CELL COMMUNICATION

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plant nutrition --- Higher education --- Abrege --- Mineral metabolism --- Water balance --- Plant nutrition --- Biogeochemical cycles --- Plant metabolism --- Subcellular compartments --- Photosynthesis --- Textbooks --- Regulation

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Molecules produced by microorganisms such as Bacillus sp are the subject of many studies. Their manifold applications interest a large range of industries. Several components are used in the agro alimentary industry, chemistry and/or pharmaceutical, as the case of lipopeptides. These molecules present emulisifier properties interesting in food production and also in crops protection via the biopesticides production. 
In order to use this molecule in a large scale, its production in reactor must be developed. Lipopeptides production is positively influenced by biofilm production and induces an important foam production. For these reasons, a biofilm reactor seems to be the more suitable. In this kind of reactor, such as the one developed by Q Zune et al., 2017, a biofilm is formed on a support in stainless steel (packing) suspended above the culture medium that recirculates permanently on the packing. However, this kind of reactor is not easily scalable. The output of the support out of the reactor is required for an industrial production in a larger scale. It is the reason why a biofilm reactor equipped with a column containing packings has been developed with the strains B. amyloliquefaciens GA1 in scale down. 

Unfortunately, this biofilm reactor with a tower meets some difficulties. A cellular lysis is observed and thereby, no biofilm is formed on packings. The light emitted by a near infrared spectrometer placed in the system had been initially considered as the trigger of the cellular lysis. And a possible link between light and the phenomenon of programmed cell death had been established via the study of the general stress response and the regulation network of B. subtilis. 

However, before this link had been demonstrated, the implication of the near infrared spectrometer in the phenomenon had been refuted. And the study of possible causes of this problem had been conducted. Different stresses present in the biofilm reactor and leading to the activation of the general stress response of B. subtilis had been studied (temperature and pH variation and nutrients and oxygen limitation). And an analysis of cells retention in column thanks to a compartments model had been carried out. 
These multiple researches have ended up with a biofilm formation thanks to a change of culture medium (MSgg). And, the compartments model has allowed highlighting the influence of air flow in column on cells retention on packings. Nevertheless, the precise cause of the lysis phenomenon observed with the former medium (Optimize medium) remains unknown.

Biofilm reactor, lipopeptides, MSgg, Optimized medium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GA1, compartments model, general stress response, programmed cell death --- Sciences du vivant > Biotechnologie

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Plant-specific aspects of membrane biology are reviewed comprehensively by leading international experts in this up-to-date reference volume. The editors have selected topics and contributors to ensure substantive coverage of this exciting and rapidly developing area of plant biology. No previous volume has provided such authoritative coverage of the following areas: functions of the plasma membrane at the cell surface, membrane lipid metabolism, ion and sugar transport, intracellular membrane compartments, primary and secondary plasmodesmata, and membrane modifications induced by symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms. Membranes: Specialized Functions in Plants is an invaluable reference source for all researchers and lecturers in plant cell biology and membrane biochemistry.

Phytohistology. Phytocytology --- Plant physiology. Plant biophysics --- Plant membranes --- Botanical chemistry --- PLANT MEMBRANES --- SPECIFICITY --- PLANT CELLS --- CORTEX --- LIPID METABOLISM --- ION TRANSPORT --- CARBOHYDRATES --- TRANSPORT --- PLANTS --- MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY --- COMPARTMENTS --- MEMBRANES --- PLASMODESMATA --- SYMBIOSIS --- REVIEWS --- FUNCTIONS --- SUGARS --- REGULATION --- Plant cell membranes --- Cells --- Lipids --- Lipid Metabolism --- Metabolism

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Coronaviruses are the RNA viruses with the largest genome known to date (27 to 32 kb). Members of this virus family affect most domestic animal species, causing important socio-economical losses, and also infect humans. Human coronaviruses were known to cause the winter common cold, a mild infection without important pathological consequences except in immuno-compromised patients. Recently, two new human coronaviruses have emerged, one causing the Severe and Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) that infected more than 8000 individuals, leading to more than 800 deaths in 32 countries. This epidemic mobilized the World Health Organization, which launched travel restrictions to certain parts of the world for the first time in the last 50 years. The fact that coronaviruses, as many other viruses, crossed the species barrier to infect humans has posed a serious challenge to scientists involved in animal and human health. Control of coronavirus-induced diseases can only be the consequence of research on virus molecular biology and pathogenesis. This book contains information on virus genome structure, mechanism of replication and transcription, and the development of tools that make possible reverse genetic studies to understand virus-host interactions and the molecular basis of virus pathogenesis. The book also provides essential information for the development of classical and recombinant vaccines to control coronavirus infections.

Coronaviruses. --- Viral genetics. --- Virus genetics --- Viruses --- Microbial genetics --- Common cold viruses --- Coronaviridae --- Nidoviruses --- Genetics --- Medical virology. --- Virology. --- Medical microbiology --- Virology --- Virus diseases --- Coronavirus --- Virus Replication. --- genetics. --- Replication, Virus --- Replications, Virus --- Virus Replications --- DNA Replication --- Viral Replication --- Replication, Viral --- Replications, Viral --- Viral Replications --- Viral Replication Compartments --- Microbiology