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Trade in counterfeit and pirated goods is a vital threat for modern, innovation-driven economies, a worldwide phenomenon that grows in scope and magnitude. Counterfeiters ship infringing products via complex routes, with many intermediary points, which poses a substantial challenge to efficient enforcement. This study looks at the issue of the complex routes of trade in counterfeit pirated goods. Using a set of statistical filters, it identifies key producing economies and key transit points. The analysis is done for ten main sectors for which counterfeiting is the key threat. The results will facilitate tailoring policy responses to strengthen governance frameworks to tackle this risk, depending on the profile of a given economy that is known as a source of counterfeit goods in international trade.

Product counterfeiting. --- Commercial product counterfeiting --- Counterfeiting of products --- Passing off (Product counterfeiting) --- Counterfeits and counterfeiting

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Counterfeit and pirated products come from many economies, with China appearing as the single largest producing market. These illegal products are frequently found in a range of industries, from luxury items (e.g. fashion apparel or deluxe watches), via intermediary products (such as machines, spare parts or chemicals) to consumer goods that have an impact on personal health and safety (such as pharmaceuticals, food and drink, medical equipment, or toys). This report assess the quantitative value, scope and trends of this illegal trade.

Product counterfeiting. --- Product counterfeiting --- Commerce. --- Commercial product counterfeiting --- Counterfeiting of products --- Passing off (Product counterfeiting) --- Counterfeits and counterfeiting

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Why can a "white" woman give birth to a "black" baby, while a "black" woman can never give birth to a "white" baby in the United States? What makes racial "passing" so different from social mobility? Why are interracial and incestuous relations often confused or conflated in literature, making "miscegenation" appear as if it were incest? Werner Sollors examines these questions and others in this investigation of literary works that, in the past, have been read more for a black-white contrast of "either-or" thatn for an interracial realm of "neither, nor, both and in-between". From the origins of the term "race" to the cultural sources of the "Tragic Mulatto", and from the calculus of colour to the retellings of various plots, this work examines what is known about race, analyzing recurrent motifs in scientific and legal works as well as in fiction, drama and poetry.

Race in literature. --- Miscegenation in literature. --- Racially mixed people in literature. --- Passing (Identity) in literature --- Comparative literature. --- Race dans la littérature --- Métissage dans la littérature --- Métis dans la littérature --- Passing (Identité) dans la littérature --- Littérature comparée --- Race dans la littérature --- Métissage dans la littérature --- Métis dans la littérature --- Passing (Identité) dans la littérature --- Littérature comparée --- Miscegenation (Racist theory) in literature. --- Multiracial people in literature.

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Product counterfeiting --- Intellectual property infringement --- Piracy (Copyright) --- Law and legislation --- Prevention. --- Unauthorized reproduction of copyrighted material --- Copyright infringement --- Commercial product counterfeiting --- Counterfeiting of products --- Passing off (Product counterfeiting) --- Counterfeits and counterfeiting --- Infringement of intellectual property --- Intellectual property

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"Mixed-Race Superheroes examines representations of racial mixedness, literal, metaphorical, and symbolic, that take on, challenge, or complicate the stereotypes and romanticization of mixed-race identities and the idea of the superhero. Racial mixedness has long been associated with weakness, abnormality, impurity, transgression, shame, and various pathologies on the one hand, while also ironically connoting genetic superiority, exceptional beauty/physicality and unique potential. In contemporary discussions, this romanticization of racial mixedness is linked to the idea of the mixed-race individual as a kind of savior figure who has unique abilities to free us from racial tensions and divisions. While racial mixedness is now sometimes viewed as a superpower in itself, the origins of superhero stories are much more substantively rooted in the opposed rhetoric and practice of racial purity and white supremacy. In short, racial mixedness and superheroes are both historically and currently linked"--

Comic books, strips, etc --- Passing (Identity) in literature. --- Racially mixed people in literature. --- Racially mixed people --- Superheroes in literature. --- History and criticism. --- Race identity --- Comic books, strips, etc. --- Multiracial people in literature. --- Multiracial people