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Child labor

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"This paper exploits a unique longitudinal data set from Tanzania to examine the consequences of child labor on education, employment choices, and marital status over a 10-year horizon. Shocks to crop production and rainfall are used as instrumental variables for child labor. For boys, the findings show that a one-standard-deviation (5.7 hour) increase in child labor leads 10 years later to a loss of approximately one year of schooling and to a substantial increase in the likelihood of farming and of marrying at a younger age. Strikingly, there are no significant effects on education for girls, but there is a significant increase in the likelihood of marrying young. The findings also show that crop shocks lead to an increase in agricultural work for boys and instead lead to an increase in chore hours for girls. The results are consistent with education being a lower priority for girls and/or with chores causing less disruption for education than agricultural work. The increased chore hours could also account for the results on marriage for girls. "--World Bank web site.

Child labor

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"Although there is extensive literature on the determinants of child labor and many initiatives aimed at combating it, there is limited evidence on the consequences of child labor on socioeconomic outcomes such as education, wages, and health. Beegle, Dehejia, and Gatti evaluate the causal effect of child labor participation on these outcomes using panel data from Vietnam and an instrumental variables strategy. Five years subsequent to the child labor experience, they find significant negative effects on school participation and educational attainment, but also find substantially higher earnings for those (young) adults who worked as children. The authors find no significant effects on health. Over a longer horizon, they estimate that from age 30 onward the forgone earnings attributable to lost schooling exceed any earnings gain associated with child labor and that the net present discounted value of child labor is positive for discount rates of 11.5 percent or higher. The authors show that child labor is prevalent among households likely to have higher borrowing costs, that are farther from schools, and whose adult members experienced negative returns to their own education. This evidence suggests that reducing child labor will require facilitating access to credit and will also require households to be forward looking. This paper--a joint product of the Investment and Growth and Poverty Teams, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the causes of poverty and child labor. The study was funded by the Research Support Budget under the research project 'Child Labor and Access to Credit.'"--World Bank web site.

Child labor

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Child labor.

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Cette étude s'attache à mettre en évidence les principales caractéristiques du travail des enfants en Amérique Latine, une région où, selon la dernière estimation de l'incidence du travail des enfants effectuée par l'Organisation Internationale du Travail (OIT, 2002), un peu plus de 17 millions d'enfants de 5 à 14 ans étaient économiquement actifs en l'an 2000 (soit 16% de cette classe d'âge). Pour cela, trois enquêtes nationales réalisées en 1998 auprès de ménages de trois pays limitrophes - le Brésil, la Colombie et le Venezuela - ont été utilisées. Ce rapport consacre une première partie à l'analyse statistique du travail des enfants dans les trois pays précédemment cités. Les fortes disparités de l'incidence du travail enfantin entre les zones rurales et urbaines de ces pays, entre les régions, et au sein même de ces régions, sont mises en évidences. La nature du travail des enfants (horaires de travail, secteurs d'activité, statut, rémunération) est détaillée. Enfin, une ... The aim of this study is to highlight the main characteristics of child labour in Latin America-a region in which, according to the International Labour Organization's latest estimate of the impact of child labour (ILO, 2002), just over 17 million children aged between 5 and 14 (or 16% of that age group) were economically active in the year 2000. For that purpose, three national household surveys conducted in 1998 in three neighbouring countries-Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela have been used. The first part of the report is devoted to a statistical analysis of child labour in the above three countries. It highlights the sharp disparities in the frequency of child labour between these countries' rural and urban areas, between regions, and even within regions. The nature of child labour (hours, sectors of activity, status, pay) is set forth in detail. Lastly, special attention is paid to the linkages between child labour and schooling, household structure and household.

Child labor.