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Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments, responsible for many of the orange/red/purple/blue colors of many flowers, fruits, and vegetables. These colorants play important roles in plants, such as conferring UV protection and antimicrobial properties, and they are also implicated to have many potential human health-promoting properties. Research works and epidemiological studies have indicated these plant pigments to be beneficial in the reduction of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For these reasons, there is increasing interest in their incorporation in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and dietary supplements as naturally derived colorants and health-promoting compounds. There is a large natural diversity in the chemical composition of anthocyanin pigments. More than 700 unique anthocyanin structures have been identified, and each has unique colorimetric, reactivity, and health-promoting properties. With such a great number of unique anthocyanins and increasing interest in their use, there is a considerable need to better understand the factors affecting their production and accumulation in plants, the factors affecting their stability and colorimetric properties, and their metabolism and mechanisms for disease alleviation. This Special Issue includes several new research works dedicated to these topics and a review of the current knowledge of anthocyanin chemistry affecting their application in food and nutrition.

and cosmetics --- Natural colorants --- Botanical aspects --- Anthocyanin chemistry and application --- drugs --- Anthocyanin absorption and metabolism --- Anthocyanins --- Color quality of foods --- Anthocyanin Bioactivity and functionality --- Chronic diseases reduction

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Food --- Aliments --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Food. --- Foods --- food technology --- food chemistry --- food quality and functionality --- Dinners and dining --- Home economics --- Table --- Cooking --- Diet --- Dietaries --- Gastronomy --- Nutrition --- Chemistry --- Chemical Engineering --- nutrition --- Primitive societies

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This book examines the alternation between accusative-dative and dative-accusative order in Old Florentine clitic clusters and its decline in favor of the latter. Based on an exhaustive analysis of data collected from medieval Florentine and Tuscan texts we offer a novel analysis of the rise of the variable order, the transition from one order to the other, and the demise of the alternation that relies primarily on iconicity and analogy. The book employs exophoric pragmatic iconicity, a language-external iconic relationship based on similarity between linguistic structure and the speaker/writer's conceptualization of reality, and endophoric iconicity, a language-internal iconic relationship where the iconic ground is construed between linguistic signs and structures. Analogy is viewed as a productive process that generalizes patterns or extends grammatical rules to formally similar structures, and obtains the form of the analogical relationship between the masculine singular definite article and the third person singular accusative clitic, which shared the same phototactically constrained distribution patterns. The data indicate that exophoric pragmatic iconicity exploits and maintains the alternation, whereas endophoric iconicity and analogy conspire to end it.

Italian language --- Iconicity (Linguistics) --- Clitics. --- Pronoun. --- Grammar, Historical. --- Iconism (Linguistics) --- Icons (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Semiotics --- Romance languages --- Clitics --- Pronoun --- Grammar, Historical --- E-books --- Dialectology --- Historical linguistics --- Tuscany --- Analogy. --- Clitic Pronouns. --- Iconicity. --- Pragmatic Functionality.

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In current times, highly complex and urgent policy problems-e.g., climate change, rapid urbanization, equitable access to key services, land rights, and massive human resettlement-challenge citizens, NGOs, private corporations, and governments at all levels. These policy problems, often called 'wicked', involve multiple causal factors, anticipated and unanticipated effects, as well as high levels of disagreement among stakeholders about the nature of the problem and the appropriateness of solutions. Given the wickedness of such policy problems, interdisciplinary and longitudinal research is required, integrating and harnessing the diverse skills and knowledge of urban planners, anthropologists, geographers, geo-information scientists, economists, and others. This Special Issue promotes innovative concepts, methods, and tools, as well as the role of geo-information, to help (1) analyze alternative policy solutions, (2) facilitate stakeholder dialogue, and (3) explore possibilities for tackling wicked problems related to climate change, rapid urbanization, equitable access to key services (such as water and health), land rights, and human resettlements in high-, middle-, and low-income countries in the North and South. Such integrative approaches can deepen our understanding of how different levels of government and governance reach consensus, despite diverging beliefs and preferences. Due to the particularly complex spatiotemporal characteristics of wicked policy problems, innovative concepts, alternative methods, and new geo-information tools play a significant role.

spatial data infrastructures --- n/a --- water point mapping --- complex adaptive systems --- FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping) --- spatial data infrastructure (SDI) --- Danube region --- longitudinal analysis --- geospatial data --- administrative technologies --- data gaps --- SDI development --- functionality --- key services --- interactive mapping tools --- the Netherlands --- coordination --- New York City --- renewable energy --- energy governance --- social acceptance --- large-scale base map --- Citizen Science --- self-organisation --- European Union Strategy for the Danube Region --- dashboard --- climate change --- Flanders --- information communication technologies (ICTs) --- heat wave --- Tanzania --- vulnerability --- rural water supply --- ICT4D --- income groups --- water points --- e-services --- information infrastructure --- Belgium --- mobile phone --- maptable --- climate governance --- governance --- rural water governance

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Für erwachsene ehemalige "PISA-Risikoschüler" und -schülerinnen bestätigen Forschungsstudien wiederkehrend die Feststellung, dass diese Personengruppe nicht über die funktionalen Lesekompetenzen - "vor dem Komma" - verfügt und daher linear-kausal höchstwahrscheinlich nicht in sämtlichen Lebensbereichen teilhaben kann. Erlauben jedoch die psychometrischen Tests tatsächlich eine Aussage über die Inklusion in Arbeit im Beschäftigungssystem der tätigkeitsbezogenen qualifizierten Arbeitsplätze? Kann die Relation von Bildung und Teilhabe (in Arbeit) lediglich über den Voraussetzungscharakter von Bildung erschlossen werden? Dieser übergeordneten Perspektive folgend, wird das Lesen kulturwissenschaftlich verortet und werden die dahinterliegenden Verarbeitungsmodelle von arbiträren Zeichen erweitert, um textuellen Anforderungen on-the-job überhaupt ressourcenorientiert empirisch nachgehen zu können. Abschließende empirische Studien beschäftigen sich mit der Annäherung, ob "PISA-Risikoschüler" und -schülerinnen über die Lesekompetenz multikodaler Texte und Textkomplexe (aus zuvorderst kategorialen Tabellen, Grafiken etc. und einzelnen Wörtern bis kurzen Absätzen) verfügen, mit denen sie sich in einer Auswahl von Arbeitsplätzen konfrontiert sehen.

Sonderpädagogik --- PISA-Risikoschüler --- Heterogenität --- Multikodales Lesen --- Lernen --- Erwachsenenbildung --- Lesekompetenz --- Arbeitswelt --- Entwicklungsförderung --- Inklusion --- soziale Benachteiligung --- Lesen --- Leseschwäche --- Einfach(st)arbeitsplätze --- Diversität --- Teilhabe --- Reading competence, Adolescent, Adult education, Adult training, Disadvantaged background, Social disadvantage, Education, Notion of culture, Inclusion, Occupational integration, Reading weakness, Vocational Education, Text comprehension, Vocational pedagogics, Functionality, Special Educational Needs, National Vocational Qualification, Occupational qualification, Vocational qualification, Germany, Literalität, Lesen, Lesekompetenz, Jugendlicher, Erwachsenenbildung, Soziale Benachteiligung, Partizipation, Bildung, Kulturbegriff, Arbeitsplatz, Inklusion, Berufliche Integration, Leseschwäche, Berufliche Kompetenz, Berufsbildung, Niedrig qualifizierte Arbeit, Text, Textverständnis, Textart, Berufspädagogik, Funktionalität, Sonderpädagogischer Förderbedarf, Berufliche Qualifikation, Interview, Deutschland