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Birds --- Reproduction --- Adaptation (Biology)
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Si les insectes dominent le monde animal par leur nombre, c'est que ce sont les champions de l'adaptation dans tous les domaines. La pression exercée par les prédateurs a fait apparaître de nombreuses évolutions qui assurent la sécurité des individus : se confondre avec l'environnement, se déguiser en un insecte venimeux, sécréter des substances amères ou toxiques qui vous rendent immangeable... Mais comment font-ils ? La nécessité de la reproduction a également généré des stratégies de séduction très bien rodées comme les émissions sonores chez les grillons, lumineuses chez les vers luisants, ou encore la diffusion de phéromones aphrodisiaques chez les mouches et les papillons. Ces signaux lumineux ou odorants peuvent faire l'objet de tromperies et même de fake news. La possession d'une partenaire va d'une délicate cour amoureuse avec offrandes jusqu'à la brutalité de la punaise de lit. Tout est bon pour conquérir la femelle ! L'alimentation n'est pas en reste avec les incroyables mandibules des fourmis de l'enfer ou bien la digestion extra orale des moustiques, un ingénieux système qui s'active lors de la piqûre. Les carnivores construisent des pièges astucieux tandis que les herbivores et floricoles effectuent des migrations aériennes longues de milliers de kilomètres pour trouver l'herbe ou le nectar nourriciers. Et comment faire face aux milieux inhospitaliers ? Pour supporter la neige et la glace, des mouches synthétisent un antigel. D'autres insectes résistent au passage d'une voiture sans être écrasés ou fabriquent leur propre lumière pour vivre dans l'obscurité des grottes. Certaines larves de mouches prospèrent dans les mares de pétrole ou les eaux sursalées des grands lacs américains. Partez à la découverte de ce feu d'artifice d'adaptations étonnantes qui expliquent si bien le succès écologique des insectes.
Insects --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Insectes --- Adaptation --- Adaptation.
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Evolution in biology --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Evolution.
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Biological Evolution --- Developmental Biology --- Adaptation, Physiological --- Life --- Philosophy --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Molecular evolution --- Molecular evolution. --- Adaptation (Biology).
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Our intuitive assumption that only organisms are the real individuals in the natural world is at odds with developments in cell biology, ecology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and other fields. Although organisms have served for centuries as nature’s paradigmatic individuals, science suggests that organisms are only one of the many ways in which the natural world could be organized. When living beings work together—as in ant colonies, beehives, and bacteria-metazoan symbiosis—new collective individuals can emerge. In this book, leading scholars consider the biological and philosophical implications of the emergence of these new collective individuals from associations of living beings. The topics they consider range from metaphysical issues to biological research on natural selection, sociobiology, and symbiosis. The contributors investigate individuality and its relationship to evolution and the specific concept of organism; the tension between group evolution and individual adaptation; and the structure of collective individuals and the extent to which they can be defined by the same concept of individuality. These new perspectives on evolved individuality should trigger important revisions to both philosophical and biological conceptions of the individual.
Biology --- Organisms --- Individuality --- Group identity --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Philosophy --- Organisms. --- Individuality. --- Group identity. --- Adaptation (Biology). --- Philosophy. --- Biology - Philosophy
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The debate over the relative importance of natural selection as compared to other forces affecting the evolution of organisms is a long-standing and central controversy in evolutionary biology. The theory of adaptationism argues that natural selection contains sufficient explanatory power in itself to account for all evolution. However, there are differing views about the efficiency of the adaptation model of explanation. If the adaptationism theory is applied, are energy and resources being used to their optimum? This book presents an up-to-date view of this controversy and reflects the dramatic changes in our understanding of evolution that have occurred in the last twenty years. The volume combines contributions from biologists and philosophers, and offers a systematic treatment of foundational, conceptual, and methodological issues surrounding the theory of adaptationism. The essays examine recent developments in topics such as phylogenetic analysis, the theory of optimality and ess models, and methods of testing models.
Evolution. Phylogeny --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Adaptation (Biology). --- Evolution (Biology) --- Environment --- Biology --- Self-organizing systems --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological fitness --- Genetics --- Environmental adaptation --- Adaptation, Environmental --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy
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Adaptive control systems --- Mathematical control systems --- Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Mathematical models --- Adaptive control systems - Mathematical models --- Adaptation (Biology) - Mathematical models
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Genetics --- Genetics. --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology)
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Genetics --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology)
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