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The relevance of this book to central concerns of political and social science hardly needs emphasizing. Parties are the organizing force of democratic governments, giving coherence and direction to their policies and relating them to popular preferences. Election programmes are crucial to this role, providing electors with some insight into the policies they are voting for, and parties themselves with a starting point for their activity in government. Discussion begins with a comparative assessment of the impact of election pledges on government action. The book goes on to describe systematically the place of the programmes in the political process of nineteen democracies. It subjects them to detailed qualitative, quantitative and spatial analyses to answer such questions as: Who prepares election programmes and how? What is the nature of modern party divisions? Do they differ across countries? Is there indeed an 'end of ideology' or an intensification? Does the need to attract votes weaken old partisan attachments? Combining individual studies of each country with comparative analyses on a scale never previously undertaken, the book will interest country specialists and comparativists and prove indispensable to research on voting and party behaviour, coalition formation, ideology, and rational choice.

Political parties --- Electioneering --- Elections --- Partis politiques --- Propagande électorale --- 324.074.134 --- Political campaigns --- #SBIB:328H10 --- #SBIB:324H42 --- #SBIB:324H10 --- Campaigns, Election --- Campaigns, Political --- Election campaigns --- Electoral politics --- Negative campaigns --- Politics, Practical --- Parties, Political --- Party systems, Political --- Political party systems --- Political science --- Divided government --- Intra-party disagreements (Political parties) --- Political conventions --- Franchise --- Polls --- Plebiscite --- Representative government and representation --- Verkiezingskandidatuur. Verkiezingsprogramma's. Verkiezingscampagnes. Kiesstrijd. Verkiezingskosten. Verkiezingsuitslagen niveau land, natie --- Instellingen en beleid: algemeen / comparatief / derde wereldlanden --- Politieke structuren: verkiezingen --- Politologie: algemene documentatie en bronnen --- Elections. --- Political campaigns. --- Political parties. --- 324.074.134 Verkiezingskandidatuur. Verkiezingsprogramma's. Verkiezingscampagnes. Kiesstrijd. Verkiezingskosten. Verkiezingsuitslagen niveau land, natie --- Propagande électorale --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Europe --- Politics and government --- -Politics --- Politics --- anno 1990-1999 --- 1989 --- -Europe - Politics and government - 1989 --- -Europe --- Europe - Politics and government - 1989

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Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Meteorology. Climatology

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Coalition governments --- Political parties --- Gouvernements de coalition --- Partis politiques --- 328.132.4 --- -#SBIB:324H43 --- Cabinet system --- Coalitieregering. Koalitiekabinetten --- 328.132.4 Coalitieregering. Koalitiekabinetten --- #SBIB:324H40 --- #SBIB:324H43 --- #A9412A --- Coalitions --- Politieke structuren: algemeen --- Politieke structuren: politieke partijen --- Europe --- Political parties - Europe. --- Coalition governments - Europe.

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Since the 1980s, political scientists have developed a renewed interest in the study of political institutions, based on the assumption that "institutions matter" -that is, that formal governmental institutions and constitutional-legal rules (as well as informal institutions like parties and interest groups) are crucial determinants of the shape of politics and policy outcomes. In this respect, the "new institutionalism" resembles the "old institutionalism" of pre-behaviorist days, but the crucial difference between the two is that the new institutionalists are committed to systematic empirical testing of their hypotheses, at least in principle. In practice, however, especially in compara­ tive analyses, this goal has often been frustrated by the lack of reliable data for a large number of countries. Researchers have therefore usually been limited to testing their hypotheses with modest data sets collected for their own particular purposes. Of all of the political institutions, the executive branch of the government is by far the most important; it can be regarded as the irreducible core of government and the principal embodiment of political authority with specific powers that are not lodged elsewhere in the political system. Almost all countries in the world, and certainly all modem democracies, have an executive body called "government", "cabinet", or "administration" (as in the term "the Clinton administration") that has the main responsibility for running the country's public affairs.

Political systems --- Comparative government --- Institutions politiques comparées --- Cabinet system --- Democracy --- Political stability --- Representative government and representation --- World politics --- -World politics --- -281.1 Staatsrecht per land (behalve Belgie) --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Self-government --- Constitutional history --- Constitutional law --- Elections --- Republics --- Suffrage --- Destabilization (Political science) --- Political instability --- Stability, Political --- Consensus (Social sciences) --- Legitimacy of governments --- Equality --- Cabinet government --- Institutions politiques comparées --- 281.1 Staatsrecht per land (behalve Belgie) --- Political science. --- History. --- Constitutional law. --- Political Science. --- History, general. --- Constitutional Law. --- Constitutional limitations --- Constitutionalism --- Constitutions --- Limitations, Constitutional --- Public law --- Administrative law --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Interpretation and construction