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Whether or not the United States has safe and effective medical countermeasures--such as vaccines, drugs, and diagnostic tools--available for use during a disaster can mean the difference between life and death for many Americans. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the scientific community at large could benefit from improved scientific tools and analytic techniques to undertake the complex scientific evaluation and decision making needed to make essential medical countermeasures available. At the request of FDA, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop to examine methods to improve the development, evaluation, approval, and regulation of medical countermeasures. During public health emergencies such as influenza or chemical, biological, radiological/nuclear (CBRN) attacks, safe and effective vaccines, treatments, and other medical countermeasures are essential to protecting national security and the well being of the public. Advancing regulatory science for medical countermeasure development examines current medical countermeasures, and investigates the future of research and development in this area. Convened on March 29-30, 2011, this workshop identified regulatory science tools and methods that are available or under development, as well as major gaps in currently available regulatory science tools. Advancing regulatory science for medical countermeasure development is a valuable resource for federal agencies including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Defense (DoD), as well as health professionals, and public and private health organizations"--Publisher's description.

Disaster medicine - United States - Evaluation. --- Emergency management --- Disaster medicine --- Weapons of mass destruction --- Chemical agents (Munitions) --- Disease Attributes --- Medicine --- Environment and Public Health --- Health --- Disasters --- Health Occupations --- Pathologic Processes --- Environment --- Health Care --- Population Characteristics --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Public Health --- Disaster Planning --- Emergencies --- Disaster Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Emergency Medical Services --- Evaluation --- Health aspects --- Chemical warfare agents --- CBRNEs (Weapons) --- CBRNs (Weapons) --- Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons --- Mass destruction, Weapons of --- NBC agents (Weapons) --- NBC weapons --- Nuclear, biological and chemical weapons --- WMDs (Weapons) --- Mass casualties --- Consequence management (Emergency management) --- Disaster planning --- Disaster preparedness --- Disaster prevention --- Disaster relief --- Emergency planning --- Emergency preparedness --- Treatment --- Management --- Planning --- Preparedness --- Prevention --- Chemical weapons --- Poisons --- Military weapons --- Emergency medicine --- Public safety --- First responders --- United States. --- FDA --- F.D.A. --- U.S. Food & Drug Administration

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Business and medicine - United States. --- Clinical trials --- Drug development --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical industry --- Business and medicine --- Evaluation Studies as Topic. --- Clinical Trials as Topic --- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Research --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- Testing --- Clinical medicine --- Research --- Disaster medicine --- Emergency medical services --- Emergency medicine --- Standards --- Medicine, Clinical

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An estimated 2 billion people, one third of the global population, are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Spread through the air, this infectious disease killed 1.7 million in 2009, and is the leading killer of people with HIV. Tuberculosis (TB) is also a disease of poverty--the vast majority of tuberculosis deaths occur in the developing world. Exacerbating the devastation caused by TB is the growing threat of drug-resistant forms of the disease in many parts of the world. Drug-resistant tuberculosis presents a number of significant challenges in terms of controlling its spread, diagnosing patients quickly and accurately, and using drugs to treat patients effectively. In Russia in recent decades, the rise of these strains of TB, resistant to standard antibiotic treatment, has been exacerbated by the occurrence of social, political, and economic upheavals. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, in conjunction with the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences held a workshop to discuss ways to fight the growing threat of drug-resistant TB. This book presents information from experts on the nature of this threat and how it can be addressed by exploring various treatment and diagnostic options.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis - Russia. --- Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- Antitubercular agents --- Anti-Bacterial Agents --- Mycobacterium Infections --- Actinomycetales Infections --- Anti-Infective Agents --- Therapeutic Uses --- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Bacterial Infections --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Diseases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant --- Tuberculosis --- Antitubercular Agents --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Communicable Diseases --- Consumption (Disease) --- Lungs --- Phthisis --- Pulmonary tuberculosis --- TB (Disease) --- Chest --- Mycobacterial diseases