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This topic focuses on distribution, synthesis, metabolism, and the in vivo roles of melatonin in plants, with 1 editorial, 3 reviews, 21 original research studies and 1 corrigendum.

Melatonin --- development --- plant --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- stress responses

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The history of science can teach modern men that our understanding of life is to a great extent based on the accuracy of the analytical methods that we use and, on our readiness to oppose dogmatic opinions, which are based on outdated methods and black/white approaches to the major questions raised by mankind in the past. The recent decades have brought a lot of new insights into the fundamentals of the active principles of reactive oxygen species that are necessary for living cells, but which also cause dangerous pathophysiological processes. Accordingly, although they were previously considered to be the most undesired toxic compounds generated as the final products of the oxidative degradation of lipids, reactive aldehydes are now considered to play important roles both in health and in major diseases. Represented mostly by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a substance discovered only fifty years ago, reactive aldehydes are the focus of research not only because of their toxicity but also because of their positive effects regulating the most important metabolic processes such as growth of living cells or the death of cells. Better understanding the interactions between reactive aldehydes and natural or synthetic antioxidant substances might eventually help us to better monitor, prevent and control modern diseases, thus building pillars for the development of the modern, multidisciplinary life sciences and integrative medicine of the 21st century.

free radicals --- lipids --- cell-based ELISA --- reactive aldehydes --- antioxidants --- fertility --- reactive oxygen species ROS --- human diseases --- lipid peroxidation --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- 1 --- 4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives --- omics --- pathophysiology --- growth control --- cannabinoids --- plant extract --- mass spectrometry --- cell cultures --- cancer --- aging --- oxidative stress --- immunochemistry

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Nano/micro-size particles are widely applied in various fields. Among the various particles, silver particles are considered among the most prominent nanomaterials in the biomedical and industrial sectors because of their favorable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Thus, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate their properties and utilize them in various applications, such as diagnostics, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapeutics, and optoelectronics. The properties of silver particles are strongly influenced by their size, morphological shape, and surface characteristics, which can be modified by diverse synthetic methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers. This Special Issue provides a range of original contributions detailing the synthesis, modification, properties, and applications of silver materials. Nine outstanding papers describing examples of the most recent advances in silver nano/microparticles are included. Silver nano/micro-size particles have many potential advantages as next-generation materials in various areas, including nanomedicine. This Special Issue might be helpful to understand the value of silver particles in the biomedical and industrial fields

n/a --- membrane --- bacteria --- cyclodextrin --- silver nanomaterial --- drug delivery --- transparent conductive film --- cytocompatibility --- surface free energy --- administration route --- sericin --- biosensor --- uptake --- substrate modification --- silver ion --- AgNPs --- mechanical properties --- cell culture --- titanium alloy --- Au–Ag alloy --- silver shell --- moderate sintering --- wound dressing --- polymer nanocomposite --- DNA damage --- surface morphology --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- flexible and printed electronics --- plants --- reactive oxygen species --- mechanism --- optoelectronics --- cytotoxicity --- photonic sintering --- synthesis --- silver nanoparticle --- doxorubicin (DOX) --- food packaging --- SERS detection --- nanomedicine --- antimicrobial activity --- nanogaps --- TNFR1 --- silica template --- silver ions release --- diagnostics --- phytotoxicity --- polydopamine --- silver nanoparticles --- tumor necrosis factor --- protective agent --- characterization --- Au-Ag alloy

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ROS were long considered one of the key players in tissue injury. Indeed, overproduction of ROS results in oxidative stress, a process leading to the development of many pathological conditions. For the treatment of these conditions, the use of antioxidants was proposed. Over time, it was shown that ROS at low concentrations act as signaling molecules, leading to the regulation of physiological functions. Moreover, several interventions that increase ROS generation activate stress-adaptive responses that extend the lifespan. It was also shown that excessive use of antioxidants can counter the beneficial effects of ROS. Currently, much progress has been made in understanding the role of ROS in human diseases and aging, as well as in the regulation of physiological functions, and in identifying the signaling pathways involved in ROS. However, much remains to be understood about the mutual interactions among signaling pathways underlying organisms’ adaptive responses, their modifications (which occur during aging), and some disease states. The aim of this Special Issue is to underline the effects of ROS production and antioxidant treatment in living organisms, focusing on their impact on health, disease, and aging.

CTCL --- apoptosis --- cell viability --- c-FLIP --- XIAP --- artemisinin --- SH-SY5Y cells --- hippocampal neurons --- H2O2 --- AMPK pathway --- atherosclerosis --- sphingomyelin synthase 2 --- endothelial dysfunction --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- β-catenin --- insulin resistance --- cancer --- cardiovascular disease --- neurodegenerative disorders --- exercise --- mitochondria --- oxidative stress --- PGC-1 --- Nrf2 --- UCPs --- ROS --- light --- DNA damage --- evolution --- D-box --- cavefish --- Spalax --- trimethylamine N-oxide --- cardiomyocytes --- cardiotoxicity --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- CORM-2 --- NADPH oxidase --- AP-1 --- HO-1 --- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- glutathione (GSH) metabolism --- cancer therapy --- clear cell RCC --- papillary RCC --- chromophobe RCC --- sarcopenia --- reactive oxygen species --- redox signaling --- antioxidant supplementation --- protein aggregation --- redox --- proteinopathy --- peroxiredoxins --- tumorigenesis --- ROS scavengers --- n/a

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The papers selected for publication in the Special Issue “Urban and industrial wastewater disinfection and decontamination by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): current issues and future trends” and published in this book, include topics related with (waste)water treatment and its reuse, disinfection, and pollutant degradation, advancing the know-how of the topics or assessing their integration into the new age of the circular economy of water. Likewise, aspects such as modeling of degradation processes and new materials synthesis were published, aiming to improve, optimize and predict the efficacy of the existing or the novel treatment processes. Moreover, pilot plant operation and large-scale processes were featured, assessing the feasibility of these new treatment methods in real world applications. Overall, the Special Issue and this book present innovative solutions on the field of water and wastewater treatment, with a view on the future technologies that will form the next advances of the field.

emerging pollutants --- advanced oxidation process --- water pollution --- ultrasound --- flower-like Bi2WO6 --- E.coli inactivation --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- photocatalysis --- solar disinfection --- water treatment --- pollution --- circular economy --- wastewater reuse --- zero waste --- zero energy --- substances recovery --- sustainable development goals --- heterogeneous photocatalysis --- titanium dioxide --- tin oxide --- graphene oxide --- chemical oxygen demand --- antibiotics --- wastewater --- removal efficiency --- slurry reactor --- computer-based learning --- solar photocatalysis --- water contaminants --- kinetic modeling --- photoreactor design --- UV-LED --- TiO2 --- hexacyanoferrate --- mining --- hydrothermal method --- elimination routes --- fresh urine --- pharmaceutical degradation --- processes selectivity --- theoretical analysis --- advanced oxidation --- membrane technology --- micropollutants --- biological contaminants --- cytotoxicity --- n/a