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Entre le Moyen Âge et nous, la mémoire collective invite à modifier ses premières attaches. Les croyances, les discours et les marques de pouvoir se multiplient autour des reliques, des miracles et des églises. Décors et objets deviennent instables. Chaque lieu d’origine est topique : le désert brûlant est affecté à l’ascèse, mais un autre regard jugera la Thébaïde parfaite pour une vie de Robinson. La Table Ronde tournoie surtout pour alimenter des exploitations saugrenues tandis que le Graal traverse des terres et des paysages où le mystère s’approfondit. Et quand le vers épique de Fierabras investit la prose ou le théâtre, les coordonnées spatio-temporelles du pont de Mautrible doivent déménager. Les figures d’Alexandre, de Soundjata, d’Élisabeth de Hongrie, de Henri IV, de Parsifal ou de Merlin défilent sur le podium du temps avec plus ou moins fière allure. Selon les époques la renommée qui salue leur passage entonne louanges ou calomnies. L’honneur des lignages appartient au domaine de l’historiographie. Un exercice de légitimation permet à la Normandie d’exploiter le souvenir de Rollon. Perceval de Cagny défend les intérêts d’une famille ; la Cronica de Salimbene offre une vision franciscaine davantage personnalisée, tandis que, du « journal », Jean de Roye se fait une conception plus unie. Quant à l’ancienne poésie lyrique, elle investit encore l’oralité de plusieurs continents. À Toulouse une tenson alimente un « duel de tchatche » ; une autre, au Brésil, donne lieu à une bataille d’improvisation ; ou les équivoques et les prouesses formelles d’Arnaut Daniel vibrent à nouveau, grâce à Augusto de Campos, en version portugaise. Jamais le temps ne suspend son vol. L’heure est toujours propice, après la fondation, aux déplacements inopinés, aux reformulations, à la mouvance des codes et des discours tenus. Une seule chose est sûre, c’est que la memoria ne se laisse pas fixer.

Literature, Medieval --- Collective memory in literature --- Littérature médiévale --- Mémoire collective dans la littérature --- Themes, motives --- Thèmes, motifs --- Civilization, Medieval --- Collective memory --- Middle Ages in literature --- History --- History and criticism --- Littérature médiévale --- Mémoire collective --- Thèmes, motifs --- Dans la littérature --- Thèmes, motifs. --- Dans la littérature. --- Collective memory - History --- Literature, Medieval - History and criticism --- Literature (General) --- poésie --- Moyen Âge --- littérature --- mémoire collective

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If nationalism is the assertion of legitimacy for a nation and its effectiveness as a political entity, why do many nations emphasize images of their own defeat in understanding their history? Using Israel, Serbia, France, Greece and Ghana as examples, the author argues that this phenomenon exposes the ambivalence that lurks behind the passions nationalism evokes. Symbols of defeat glorify a nation's ancient past, while reenacting the destruction of that past as a necessary step in constructing a functioning modern society. As a result, these symbols often assume a foundational role in national mythology. Threats to such symbols are perceived as threats to the nation itself and consequently are met with desperation difficult for outsiders to understand.

Nationalism --- National characteristics --- Crises --- Memory --- Collective memory --- Political messianism --- History --- Psychological aspects --- Social aspects --- Messianism, Political --- Messianism --- Characteristics, National --- Identity, National --- Images, National --- National identity --- National images --- National psychology --- Psychology, National --- Anthropology --- Social psychology --- Ethnopsychology --- Exceptionalism --- Retention (Psychology) --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Comprehension --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Mnemonics --- Perseveration (Psychology) --- Reproduction (Psychology) --- Change --- Collective remembrance --- Common memory --- Cultural memory --- Emblematic memory --- Historical memory --- National memory --- Public memory --- Social memory --- Group identity --- History. --- Memory. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Nationalism - History --- National characteristics - Memory --- Crises - Psychological aspects - History --- Memory - Social aspects - History --- Collective memory - History --- Political messianism - History

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Mary Carruthers's classic study of the training and uses of memory for a variety of purposes in European cultures during the Middle Ages has fundamentally changed the way scholars understand medieval culture. This fully revised and updated second edition considers afresh all the material and conclusions of the first. While responding to new directions in research inspired by the original, this new edition devotes much more attention to the role of trained memory in composition, whether of literature, music, architecture, or manuscript books. The new edition will reignite the debate on memory in medieval studies and, like the first, will be essential reading for scholars of history, music, the arts and literature, as well as those interested in issues of orality and literacy (anthropology), in the working and design of memory (both neuropsychology and artificial memory), and in the disciplines of meditation (religion).

Civilization --- Civilization, Medieval --- History, Medieval. --- Memory --- Memory. --- history. --- Psychological aspects. --- History. --- Memory (Philosophy) --- Mémoire (Philosophie) --- Civilization, medieval --- Mémoire (Philosophie) --- 159.953 --- 930.85:02 --- 930.86.01 --- Retention (Psychology) --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Comprehension --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Mnemonics --- Perseveration (Psychology) --- Reproduction (Psychology) --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- 159.953 Geheugen. Herinnering --- Geheugen. Herinnering --- 930.85:02 Cultuurgeschiedenis. Kultuurgeschiedenis-:-Bibliotheekwezen --- Cultuurgeschiedenis. Kultuurgeschiedenis-:-Bibliotheekwezen --- 930.86.01 Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis:--Middeleeuwen --- Mentaliteitsgeschiedenis:--Middeleeuwen --- Psychological aspects --- History --- History of civilization --- History of Europe --- anno 500-1499 --- Learning and scholarship --- Mémoire --- Civilisation médiévale --- Savoir et érudition --- Histoire --- Aspect psychologique --- Memory - History --- Civilization, medieval - Psychological aspects --- Mémoire --- Mémoire collective --- Littérature médiévale --- Littérature et histoire --- Civilisation médiévale --- Moyen-Âge --- Dans la littérature