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Deciding when to retire and claim Social Security benefits can be one of the most important financial decisions older Americans make. Despite higher monthly benefits for those who delay, many people still claim Social Security retirement benefits at age 62, the earliest age of eligibility. In 2014, these early claimers will see their monthly benefits reduced by 25 percent compared to what they would have received if they had delayed claiming until age 66, the current full retirement age. At the same time, some early claimers do not have access to government or employer-sponsored health insuran

Social security --- Retirement --- Early retirement --- Retirement income

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When Brazil's Federal Railway was privatized, the team in charge of privatization made a significant effort to complement the incentive for voluntary reduction with an elaborate menu of training options. How did it work?

Early retirement incentives --- Incentives in industry --- Occupational retraining --- Railroads --- Employees --- Dismissal of --- Privatization --- Rede Ferroviaria Federal (Brazil)

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No detailed description available for "Regulating Employment and Welfare".

-Labor policy --- State and labor --- Retirement, Early --- Labour market --- Social security law --- Labor policy --- Public welfare --- Social security --- Early retirement --- E-books --- Retirement --- #A9603A --- Congresses

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Labour market --- Sociology of work --- Social policy and particular groups --- Brugpensioen --- Early retirement --- Pensioen [Brug] --- Prépension --- Retraite anticipée --- Vervroegd pensioen --- Vervroegde pensionering --- Préretraite --- Government policy --- Politique gouvernementale --- #SBIB:316.334.2A85 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A343 --- #SBIB:001.HIVA --- #SBIB:014.GIFTSOC --- #A9301A --- AA / International- internationaal --- 332.832 --- 332.630 --- Bijzondere arbeidsproblemen: opruststelling en pensioen --- Arbeidssociologie: ongelijkheden op de arbeidsmarkt: positie van jongeren en ouderen op de arbeidsmarkt --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- Early retirement. --- Government policy. --- Préretraite --- Retirement, Early --- Retirement --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Pensioen. Brugpensioen --- Early retirement - Government policy.

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Mandatory pension systems play a major role in individual savings and labor supply decisions. In particular, it is well known that defined benefit pension schemes, which are not actuarially fair, can create incentives for early retirement and therefore reduce labor supply and the stock of human capital in a given country. This is an important policy issue in middle-income countries, with still low participation rates in the labor force, where the "window" opened by the demographic transition is already closed or will close in the near future. In these countries, policies to stimulate private sector growth, competitiveness, and employment creation should be accompanied by policies that increase labor force participation, raising the ratio of active to inactive population and therefore the potential for higher income per capita growth. Unfortunately, the analytical tools developed to assess pension reform options tend to focus on the financial sustainability of the schemes and the adequacy of benefits. Little attention is given in practice to the social costs imposed by distortions on the supply of labor. In part, this is given by the lack of analytical tools that, in the context of limited information regarding individual preferences and behavior, can be used to assess the magnitude of these distortions. This paper develops methodologies that can bridge the gap between economic theory and the practices of pension policy personnel under conditions of deep uncertainty regarding the variables driving individual behavioral responses to policy changes. First, the paper develops an indicator to predict the age-specific retirement probabilities induced by a particular pension system, given heterogeneous individual preferences over risk, consumption, and leisure. The paper then describes how this indicator can be used to project the size of the labor force by gender, age and skill level and therefore the dynamics of human capital accumulation. The integration of these two analytical tools allow us to show the impact of a particular pension reform proposals on the dynamics of labor supply, human capital and, given the dynamics of capital and total factor productivity, economic growth. Furthermore, the paper develops a set of life-cycle income measures for typical individual paths that allow us to measure the contribution of segmented pension schemes to the segmentation of the labor market. The methods are applied to the case of Morocco.

Debt Markets --- Early retirement --- Employment --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Human Capital --- Labor force --- Labor force participation --- Labor market --- Labor Markets --- Labor markets --- Labor Policies --- Labor Supply --- Pensions and Retirement Systems --- Private sector --- Social Protections and Labor --- Total factor productivity