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Fiscal policy --- -Fiscal policy --- -Economic development --- -338.947 --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Government policy --- Economic development --- Political Science --- Public Finance --- Law, Politics & Government --- Economic development.

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Transport. Traffic --- Eastern and Central Europe --- 334.150.5 --- 334.151.4 --- 334.151.8 --- 385.0 --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- -338.947 --- Capital, Social (Economics) --- Economic infrastructure --- Social capital (Economics) --- Social infrastructure --- Social overhead capital --- Economic development --- Human settlements --- Public goods --- Public works --- Capital --- Europese Investeringsbank. --- EG : regionaal beleid. Europees Fonds voor Regionale Ontwikkeling. --- EG : vervoerpolitiek. --- Vervoerwezen, verkeerswegen en -middelen: algemeenheden. --- European Union countries --- -EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- Economic integration --- -Europe --- EU countries --- -Economic integration --- Europese Investeringsbank --- EG : regionaal beleid. Europees Fonds voor Regionale Ontwikkeling --- EG : vervoerpolitiek --- Vervoerwezen, verkeerswegen en -middelen: algemeenheden --- -European Union countries

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An attentive reader embarking on this book might wonder what "the" economic transition to which the title refers might be. In this century almost all countries have gone through periods of economic transition; but which period of economic history can claim to embody the notion or to represent the era of "the" transition? Definitely, no country or group of countries has experienced anything comparable to the economic upheavals that the fall of communism has brought about in a large portion of the world in just three years (1989 to 1991). No other "transition" to date has prompted more interest and more studies among economists, academics and policy-makers than has the transformation of centrally planned economies into market-based systems. It is this transformation that has come to define "the" transition. Early in the transformation process (in November 1990), with the support of the Centre for Co-operation with the Economies in Transition (CCET), I launched a conference to examine the challenges faced by these countries. About six years have gone by and a new economic landscape has emerged in that part of the world. The difficulties in transforming these economies have exceeded all expectations, and economic performances have varied considerably across countries. The time has come, therefore, to make a first evaluation of progress and problems, with a view to extracting useful policy lessons to guide policy-makers in successfully completing the transition in the near future.

Macroeconomics. --- International economics. --- Economics. --- International Economics. --- Economic Systems. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- 338.26 <4-11> --- 330.52 --- 330.548 --- 331.31 --- 331.33 --- 332.630 --- 333.420.2 --- 338.313 --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- 338.947 --- 338.26 <4-11> Economische planning. Nationale plannen. Ontwikkelingsplannen. Meerjarenplannen. Plattelandsontwikkeling. Rural development. Kosten-batenanlyse--Oost-Europa --- Economische planning. Nationale plannen. Ontwikkelingsplannen. Meerjarenplannen. Plattelandsontwikkeling. Rural development. Kosten-batenanlyse--Oost-Europa --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling. --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen. --- Economisch beleid. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid. --- Inwisselbaarheid in vreemde valuta's. --- Kapitalisme. --- Europe, Central --- -Europe, Central --- -Europe, Eastern --- Europe, Eastern --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- Central Europe --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- -Economic policy --- -338.26 <4-11> --- Europe centrale --- Europe de l'Est --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions. --- Politique économique --- Conditions économiques --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Economisch beleid --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- Strijd tegen de werkloosheid: algemeen. Theorie en beleid van de werkgelegenheid. Volledige werkgelegenheid --- Inwisselbaarheid in vreemde valuta's --- Kapitalisme --- Europe [Central ] --- Europe [Eastern ] --- 1989 --- -Europe [Central ] --- -338.947 --- Political Economy/Economic Systems. --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- International relations --- Economic sanctions

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Analysing the key problems facing the transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe, this accessible book describes the legacy of the central planners, the progress achieved so far and the need for further reforms. It documents the outstanding successes and failures, and analyses why certain approaches to transition have worked and others have not. It tests where transition is over and shows how some countries have graduated from 'transition' to 'integration' through their efforts to join the European Union (EU). It discusses the costs and benefits of the eastern enlargement of the EU. The specific experiences of German unification, the Soviet Union's disintegration, and Russia's complex reforms are examined, as are the specific issues that need to be addressed in the Balkans. The book concludes by indicating how the expanding EU could help the poor performers through inclusion in a continent-wide integrated economic area.

Free enterprise --- Post-communism --- 338.947 --- 330.52 --- 330.548 --- 331.31 --- 334.153.0 --- CIS / Commonwealth Of Independant States - Gos - Cei --- DD / Eastern Germany - Ddr - Rda --- EEU / Central & Eastern Europe --- RU / Russia - Rusland - Russie --- 330.34 <4-11> --- 330.34 <4-14> --- 330.34 <4-14> Economische ontwikkeling. Regionale economische ontwikkeling--?<4-14> --- Economische ontwikkeling. Regionale economische ontwikkeling--?<4-14> --- 330.34 <4-11> Economische ontwikkeling. Regionale economische ontwikkeling--Oost-Europa --- Economische ontwikkeling. Regionale economische ontwikkeling--Oost-Europa --- Free markets --- Laissez-faire --- Markets, Free --- Private enterprise --- Economic policy --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling --- Nationalisatie. Privatiseringen --- Economisch beleid --- Betrekkingen tussen de Europese Gemeenschappen en de geassocieerde of derde landen: algemeenheden --- Europe, Central --- Europe, Eastern --- Economic policy. --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Free enterprise - Europe, Eastern. --- Free enterprise - Europe, Central. --- Post-communism - Europe, Eastern. --- Post-communism - Europe, Central. --- POLITIQUE ECONOMIQUE --- POST-COMMUNISME --- ENTREPRISE PRIVEE --- EUROPE CENTRALE / DE L'EST --- EUROPE DE L'EST --- EUROPE DE L'EST / CENTRALE --- Politique économique --- Politique économique

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Kondratiev, Nikolai Dmitrievich --- Economists --- Economics --- Economistes --- Economie politique --- Biography --- History --- Biographie --- Histoire --- Kondrat'ev, Nikolai Dimitrievich --- Soviet Union --- URSS --- Economic policy --- Politique économique --- -Economics --- -AA / International- internationaal --- RU / Russia - Rusland - Russie --- SU / Soviet Union - Ussr - Urss --- 08 --- 330.46 --- 331.01 --- 331.100 --- 338.947 --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Social scientists --- History. --- -Biografieën en memoires. --- Hedendaagse periode, met inbegrip van de psychologische school (Oostenrijkse), mathematische school, solidarisme, communisme, marxisme, bolsjewisme, anarchisme. --- Evolutie van de economische cycli. --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Kondrat'ev, N. D. --- -Economic policy --- Kondratʺev, Nikolaĭ Dimitrievich --- Politique économique --- -Советский Союз --- Ber. ha-M. --- Zwia̦zek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- Szovjetunió --- TSRS --- Tarybų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjunga --- SRSR --- Soi︠u︡z Radi︠a︡nsʹkykh Sot︠s︡ialistychnykh Respublik --- SSSR --- Soi︠u︡z Sovetskikh Sot︠s︡ialisticheskikh Respublik --- UdSSR --- Shūravī --- Ittiḥād-i Jamāhīr-i Ishtirākīyah-i Shūrāʼīyah --- Russia (1923- U.S.S.R.) --- Sovetskiy Soyuz --- Soyuz SSR --- Sovetskiĭ Soi︠u︡z --- Soi︠u︡z SSR --- Uni Sovjet --- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics --- USSR --- SSṚM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Ṛespublikaneri Miutʻyun --- SSHM --- Sovetakan Sotsʻialistakan Hanrapetutʻyunneri Miutʻyun --- Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas --- Berit ha-Moʻatsot --- Rusyah --- Ittiḥād al-Sūfiyītī --- Rusiyah --- Rusland --- Soṿet-Rusland --- Uni Soviet --- Union soviétique --- Zȯvlȯlt Kholboot Uls --- Związek Radziecki --- ESSD --- Sahaphāp Sōwīat --- KhSHM --- SSR Kavširi --- Russland --- SNTL --- PSRS --- Su-lien --- Sobhieṭ Ẏuniẏana --- FSSR --- Unione Sovietica --- Ittiḥād-i Shūravī --- Soviyat Yūniyan --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Kondrat§ev, N. D. - (Nikolaæi Dmitrievich), - 1892 --- -Economists - Soviet Union - Biography. --- -Biografieën en memoires --- Hedendaagse periode, met inbegrip van de psychologische school (Oostenrijkse), mathematische school, solidarisme, communisme, marxisme, bolsjewisme, anarchisme --- Evolutie van de economische cycli --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich --- ZSRR --- Związek Socjalistycznych Republik Sowieckich --- ZSRS --- -Biography --- -Kondrat'ev, N. D.