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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a naturally-occurring biological process in soils, sediments, ruminants, and several other anoxic environments, that cycles carbon and other nutrients, and converts organic matter into a methane-rich gas. As a biotechnology, AD is now well-established for the treatment of the organic fraction of various waste materials, including wastewaters, but is also increasingly applied for an expanding range of organic feedstocks suitable for biological conversion to biogas. AD applications are classified in various ways, including on the basis of bioreactor design; and operating parameters, such as retention time, temperature, pH, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) contents, and biodegradability of substrates. AD is an attractive bioenergy and waste / wastewater treatment technology. The advantages of AD for waste treatment include: production of a useable fuel (biogas/methane); possibility of high organic loading; reduced carbon footprint; and suitability for integration into a wide variety of process configurations and scales. Specifically, two important, and developing, applications exemplify the potential of AD technologies: (1) the integration of AD as the basis of the core technologies underpinning municipal wastewater, and sewage, treatment, to displace less sustainable, and more energy-intensive, aerobic biological treatment systems in urban water infrastructures; and (2) technical innovations for higher-rate conversions of high-solids wastestreams, and feedstocks, for the production of energy carriers (i.e. methane-biogas, but possibly also biohydrogen) and other industrially-relevant intermediates, such as organic acids. Internationally, the research effort to maximize AD biogas yield has increased ten-fold over the past decade. Depending on the feedstocks, bioreactor design and process parameters, fundamental and applied knowledge are still required to improve conversion rates and biogas yields. This Research Topic cover aspects related to AD processes, such as the effect of feedstock composition, as well as the effect of feedstock pre-treatment, bioreactor design and operating modes, on process efficiency; microbial community dynamics and systems biology; influence of macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations and availability; process control; upgrading and calibration of anaerobic digestion models (e.g. ADM1) considering the biochemical routes as well as the hydrodynamics in such ecosystems; and novel approaches to process monitoring, such as the development, and application, of novel, and rapid diagnostic assays, including those based on molecular microbiology. Detailed full-scale application studies were also particularly welcomed.
Wastewater treatment technology --- Anaerobic digestion (AD)
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Algae biomass has enormous potential to produce fuels and value-added products. Algae-derived biofuels and bioproducts offer great promise in contributing to U.S. energy security and in mitigating the environmental concerns associated with conventional fuels. Algae’s ability to grow in low quality water/wastewater and to accumulate lipids has encouraged scientists to investigate algae as a medium for wastewater treatment and a potential source of fuel and bioproducts. There are growing demands for biomass-based transportation fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biomethane, biohydrogen, and other high-value products (nutraceuticals, proteins, omega-3 etc.). Algae can help address these needs. The topic of algae energy includes the production and characterization of algae cultures, conversion into fuel feedstocks and high value products, and optimization of product isolation and use. In view of the increasing efforts in algae biomass production and conversion into energy and high-value products, the current research topic covers important aspects of algal strain selection, culture systems, inorganic carbon utilization, lipid metabolism and quality, biomass harvesting, extraction of lipids and proteins, and thermochemical conversion of algal feedstocks into biocrude.
Co-products --- wastewater treatment --- Lipids --- Thermochemical conversion --- CO2 utilization --- Biofuels --- Algae biomass --- Growth Systems
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Water reuse --- water and wastewater treatment processes --- Omics-based approaches --- Quantitative Methods --- emerging contaminants --- Public Health
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It becomes increasingly clear that the basis of antibiotic resistance problem among bacterial pathogens is not confined to the borders of clinical microbiology but has broader ecological and evolutionary associations. This Research Topic “Role and prevalence of antibiosis and the related resistance genes in the environment” in Frontiers in Microbiology, section Antimicrobials, Resistance and Chemotherapy, presents the examples of occurrence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the wide range of environments, from the grasslands of the Colombian Andes, to the dairy farms and small animal veterinary hospitals in the United Stated, and to the various environments of Continental Europe and Indochina. Besides, various genetic mechanisms and selection/co-selection factors contributing to the dissemination and maintenance of antibiotic resistance genes are presented. The topic is finalized by the mathematical modeling approach to access the probability of rare horizontal gene transfer events in bacterial populations.
Antibiosis. --- Water --- Integrons --- environment --- modeling --- antibiotic resistance --- Plasmids --- wastewater treatment --- Soil --- mobile genetic elements --- Animal production --- Hospital
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Sewage disposal plants. --- Effluent treatment plants --- Sewage treatment plants --- Sewage works --- Wastewater treatment plants --- Water pollution control plants --- WPCPs (Sewage disposal) --- Refuse disposal facilities --- Sewage --- Purification
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Taking the papers’ collection of this Special Issue as a whole, it is clear that “Municipal Wastewater Management” is an ongoing field of research with the ability to incorporate current environmental and human health challenges. The use of municipal sewage to monitor COVID-19 virus circulation in communities and the estimation of possible outbreaks, even before clinical cases have been identified, is a fact that justifies this. In light of the Coronavirus pandemic, the interest of the impact that research on municipal wastewater management can have on improving humans’ health and protecting the environment is being rethought. In respect to this, there is an essential need for scientific publications that present varieties of case studies and discuss best practices, so as wastewater treatment plants to be seen not only as sites of pollutants removal but also as places where energy is efficiently used and environmental sustainability is being practiced, in close relation to the needs of the community. Viewed in this way, the papers’ collected in this Special Issue are looking forward to reach a broad readership that can gain awareness and understanding of their topics and be stimulated into future research and collaborations that would improve all stakeholders engagement in promoting a sustainable municipal wastewater management.
sewer corrosion --- biocorrosion --- concrete sewers --- ocean dumping --- sewage sludge --- capping method --- London Protocol --- least cost analysis --- integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems --- modified loofah sponge --- bio-carrier --- microbial density --- municipal wastewater --- Greece --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- history --- policy --- technology trends and applications --- microorganisms --- inactivation --- water matrix --- catalysts --- antibiotic-resistant bacteria --- resistance genes --- heterogeneous catalytic ozonation --- PZC --- p-CBA --- minerals --- thermal treatment --- micropollutants removal --- hybrid constructed wetland --- public acceptance --- wastewater reuse --- wastewater treatment --- waste-water management --- SCADA --- design optimization --- remote control --- IoT --- cloud computing --- disruptive innovation --- lifecycle --- water prices --- water tariffs --- sanitation taxes --- wastewater treatment costs --- energy costs --- household budgets --- screenings --- fats --- biogas potential --- wastewater treatment plant --- energy utilization --- anaerobic digestion --- n/a
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Environmental odour is perceived as a major nuisance by rural as well as urban populations. The sources of odourous substances are manifold. In urban areas, these include restaurants, small manufacturing trades, and other sources, which might cause complaints. In the suburbs, wastewater treatment plants, landfill sites, and other infrastructures are the expected major odour sources. These problems are often caused be the accelerated growth of cities. In rural sites, livestock farming and the spreading of manure on the fields is blamed for severe odour annoyance. In fact, environmental odours are considered to be a common cause of public complaints by residents to local authorities, regional, or national environmental agencies. This Special Issue of Atmosphere will address the entire chain, from the quantification of odour sources, abatement methods, the dilution in the atmosphere, and the assessment of odour exposure for the assessment of annoyance. In particular, this Special Issue aims to encourage contributions dealing with field trials and dispersion modeling to assess the degree of annoyance and the quantitative success of abatement measures.
environmental odour --- emission --- annoyance --- separation distance --- dispersion models --- empirical equations --- odour --- dispersion modelling --- wastewater treatment --- odour impact criteria --- separation distances --- odour legislation --- air quality --- air pollution --- odor --- smell --- odour units --- agriculture --- environmental regulations --- policy --- VOC --- GC-QTOF-MS --- GC-IMS --- wastewater treatment plant --- air dispersion model --- dose–response relationship --- odor impact criterion (OIC) --- perception-related odor exposure --- wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) --- Odors --- Odor Patrol --- Odor Profile Method --- monitoring Odors --- field inspection --- odour impact --- odour modelling --- olfactometry --- proficiency test --- bench loop --- n-butanol --- sampling uncertainties --- odorants --- SOAV --- OTV --- livestock --- odour dispersion modelling --- climate change --- stability classification --- n/a --- dose-response relationship
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Taking the reader through the history of industrial waste treatment and directing them toward a new path of best practice, this book illustrates how current treatment techniques are affected by regulatory and economic constraints, scientific knowledge and tolerances. This book provides the reader with the basis for a more effective method of waste treatment which is sustainable and supportive of industrial improvements. Overall, it provides valuable information for planners, industrial, civil and environmental engineers and government officials for a better understanding of current practices
Factory and trade waste --- Sewage disposal plants. --- Purification. --- Effluent treatment plants --- Sewage treatment plants --- Sewage works --- Wastewater treatment plants --- Water pollution control plants --- WPCPs (Sewage disposal) --- Purification of factory and trade waste --- Refuse disposal facilities --- Sewage --- Purification
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Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants is a review of the sludge reduction techniques integrated in wastewater treatment plants with detailed chapters on the most promising and most widespread techniques. The aim of the book is to update the international community on the current status of knowledge and techniques in the field of sludge reduction. It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the following issues in sludge reduction: principles of sludge reduction techniques; process configurations; potential performance; advantages and drawbacks; and economics and energy consumption. This book will be essential reading for managers and technical staff of wastewater treatment plants as well as graduate students and post-graduate specialists.
Sewage sludge --- Sewage disposal plants --- Management. --- Effluent treatment plants --- Sewage treatment plants --- Sewage works --- Wastewater treatment plants --- Water pollution control plants --- WPCPs (Sewage disposal) --- Biosolids --- Sludge, Sewage --- Refuse disposal facilities --- Sewage --- Sewage disposal --- Purification --- Environmental Sciences --- Wastewater --- Reuse & Sludge
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The book on Physico-Chemical Treatment of Wastewater and Resource Recovery provides an efficient and low-cost solution for remediation of wastewater. This book focuses on physico-chemical treatment via advanced oxidation process, adsorption, its management and recovery of valuable chemicals. It discusses treatment and recovery process for the range of pollutants including BTX, PCB, PCDDs, proteins, phenols, antibiotics, complex organic compounds and metals. The occurrence of persistent pollutants poses deleterious effects on human and environmental health. Simple solutions for recovery of valuable chemicals and water during physico-chemical treatment of wastewater are discussed extensively. This book provides necessary knowledge and experimental studies on emerging physico-chemical processes for reducing water pollution and resource recovery.
Sewage disposal plants --- Management. --- Effluent treatment plants --- Sewage treatment plants --- Sewage works --- Wastewater treatment plants --- Water pollution control plants --- WPCPs (Sewage disposal) --- Refuse disposal facilities --- Sewage --- Purification --- Engineering --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Ecohydrology --- Environmental Engineering
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