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Rivers, lakes and the ocean receive antibiotic resistance genes from human environments. The aquatic environments are a huge reservoir and exchange stage of antibiotic resistance genes.

Gene reservoir --- aquatic environment --- Resistance enhancement factor --- horizontal gene transfer

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This book provides a 2012 reference for state-of-the-art gene transfer technology and the different aspects of its clinical translation with a focus on European-based initiatives. As examples of successful outcomes, recent clinical trials are presented together with Ethical, Safety and Regulatory issues, which are discussed. The broad range of various technologies is covered whether addressing direct in vivo gene transfer like with AAV, Adeno or non-viral vectors or ex-vivo genetically engineered cells including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) with integrating vectors such as retrovirus, lentivirus or transposon-derived systems. The critical path to clinical implementation is covered in the second part describing currently available tools - such as molecular imaging, ex-vivo organ cultures and high-throughput technologies used for evaluation of criteria towards a go-or-no go decision to move to the clinic; in addition, utmost salient biosafety and immunotoxicology aspects are discussed. This book is ideal for postgraduates, undergraduates, scientists, clinicians, regulators and patients' advocacy groups looking for states-of-the-art information as well as emerging prospects - including gene targeting and homologous recombination - in gene transfer intended for clinical translation.

Genetic transformation. --- Gene transfer --- Transformation (Genetics) --- Genetic recombination --- Microbial genetics --- Nucleic acids --- Transfection --- Gene Transfer Techniques --- Gene Delivery Systems --- Gene Transfer Technique --- Transgenesis --- Delivery System, Gene --- Delivery Systems, Gene --- Gene Delivery System --- Technique, Gene Transfer --- Techniques, Gene Transfer --- Transfer Technique, Gene --- Transfer Techniques, Gene --- Genetic Therapy --- Transgenes --- Human genetics --- Biotechnology

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Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) represents a novel set of technologies for animal (or in the future, human) genetic modification using the sperm as a vector, as opposed to more traditional established routes such as fertilized eggs or embryonic stem cells. This e-book brings together theoretical and empirical reviews from experts in SMGT, providing comprehensive coverage of the major trends, developments and controversies in this novel field.

Genetic transformation. --- Gene transfer --- Transformation (Genetics) --- Genetic recombination --- Microbial genetics --- Nucleic acids --- Transfection

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

multidrug resistance --- horizontal gene transfer --- antibiotic resistance gene --- plasmid --- transposition --- conjugation --- transformation --- recombination

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The Second Edition of Gene Therapy of Cancer provides crucial updates on the basic science and ongoing research in this field, examining the state of the art technology in gene therapy and its therapeutic applications to the treatment of cancer. The clinical chapters are improved to include new areas of research and more successful trials. Chapters emphasize the scientific basis of gene therapy using immune, oncogene, antisense, pro-drug activating, and drug resistance gene targets, while other chapters discuss therapeutic approaches and clinical applications. This book is a valuable re

Cancer --- Gene Therapy --- Gene Transfer. --- Immunotherapy, Adoptive --- Neoplasms --- Translation, Genetic. --- Gene therapy. --- Immunotherapy. --- methods. --- therapy. --- Immunological aspects --- Treatment --- Genetic aspects