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In 2007, during the archaeological excavations for the construction of a metro station in Piazza Venezia in Rome, two auditoriums dating back to the first half of the 2nd century AD appeared; various archaeologists identified them as part of the Athenaeum founded by Hadrian, the first great Roman academic institution mentioned in the classical sources. This book is the result of an exhaustive analysis through topography, architecture and philology, in the attempt to reveal the functionality of the structures, which could have been part of the Athenaeum or perhaps of a judicial institution integrated into the set of courts of the Trajan's Forum.

Architecture --- History.

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The creation of the Force Intervention Brigade (FIB) as the sharp tactical edge of the United Nations Stabilisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), tasked with the neutralising of armed groups, was a watershed moment in the history of modern peace missions. What was more significant was that sub-Saharan national leaders were instrumental in the creation of the FIB (South Africa, Tanzania and Malawi), but lacked the resources to deploy such a force and consequently the brigade was deployed under the banner of the UN. With the legacy of an African Renaissance, and its role in the conception of the FIB, South Africa remains a critical player in international peace and security in sub-Saharan Africa, and therefore holds a key strategic role in achieving the FIB's objectives. This comes at a critical time where blue helmets are increasingly exposed to complex and challenging security contexts. The aim of this work is to provide a conceptual model for South African military future operations and UN offensive peacekeeping operations. In this undertaking, a layer of military and Clausewitzian theory is added to offensive peacekeeping operations. Furthermore, there are sections on operational constructs (capstone and operating concepts), doctrine and structural elements, as well a section on mine action. This book contributes towards an understanding of the nature of modern strategy through the lens of UN offensive peacekeeping operations and provides insights into operational challenges.

Peacekeeping forces --- Peacekeeping (Military science) --- Peacekeeping operations --- Armed Forces --- International police --- Peace-building --- United Nations --- South Africa. --- South African Army --- Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag --- SAW --- UNO --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- UN --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- Stability operations. --- South Africa --- Africa, South --- SAW (Military organization)

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Jeunes femmes --- Young women --- Nigeria.

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Ce volume se veut un hommage au regretté Michel Ballard, qui a contribué à fonder la traductologie et à faire de l’étude de la traduction une discipline à part entière ayant peu à peu gagné son autonomie. La diversité des intervenants, qui ne représentent pas moins de 10 pays (Allemagne, Belgique, Espagne, France, Grande-Bretagne, Liban, Pologne, Roumanie, Russie, Suisse), témoigne du rayonnement de ce chercheur passionné et de la réception qu’ont eue ses travaux, en France et au-delà. Les articles qui constituent cet ouvrage ne sont pas consacrés à Michel Ballard lui-même, mais ils s’inscrivent dans le droit fil de ses réflexions et reflètent la trajectoire scientifique de cet enseignant-chercheur prônant une « traductologie réaliste », et dont l’approche a toujours été triple : historique, théorique et didactique, les trois composantes se nourrissant mutuellement et offrant, fait rare, une démarche complète, englobante et équilibrée. L’ensemble des contributions présentées ici permet d’explorer et de baliser encore une fois ce vaste champ de recherche passionnant, afin de poursuivre l’élan qu’avait impulsé Michel Ballard et de nous plonger, comme il aimait le faire, et comme le suggère le titre de cet ouvrage, « au cœur de la traductologie ».

Linguistics --- traduction --- Ballard --- Michel --- mélanges et hommages