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How do text and melody relate in western liturgical chant? Is the music simply an abstract vehicle for the text, or does it articulate textual structure and meaning? These questions are addressed here through a case study of the second-mode tracts, lengthy and complex solo chants for Lent, which were created in the papal choir of Rome before the mid-eighth century. These partially formulaic chants function as exegesis, with non-syntactical text divisions and emphatic musical phrases promoting certain directions of inner meditation in both performers and listeners. Dr Hornby compares the four second-mode tracts representing the core repertory to related ninth-century Frankish chants, showing that their structural and aesthetic principles are neither Frankish nor a function of their notation in the earliest extant manuscripts, but are instead a well-remembered written reflection of a long oral tradition, stemming from Rome.

Dr EMMA HORNBY teaches in the Department of Music at the University of Bristol.

Cantus planus (Gregoriaans, enz.) --- Chant (Plain, Gregorian, etc.) --- Chant grégorien --- Chants (Plain, Gregorian, etc.) --- Chants grégoriens --- Church history --- Franco-Roman chants --- Geschiedenis [Godsdienstige ] --- Geschiedenis [Religieuze ] --- Godsdienstig denken --- Godsdienstige geschiedenis --- Gregoriaans --- Gregoriaanse gezangen --- Gregorian chant --- Gregorian chants --- Histoire de l'Église --- Histoire ecclésiastique --- Histoire religieuse --- History [Religious ] --- Hystoria ecclesiastica --- Kerkgeschiedenis --- Kirchengeschichte --- Lenten music --- Music and literature --- Musique et littérature --- Muziek en literatuur --- Old Roman chants --- Pensée religieuse --- Plain-chant (Grégorien, etc.) --- Plainchant --- Plainchants --- Plainsong --- Psalmen (Muziek) --- Psalms (Music) --- Psaumes (Musique) --- Religieuze geschiedenis --- Religious history --- Religious thought --- Roman songs --- Storia della Chiesa --- Storia ecclesiastica --- Église -- Histoire --- Chants --- Lenten music. --- History and criticism. --- Catholic Church --- Liturgy. --- Liturgy --- Church music --- 500-1400 --- History and criticism --- Chants - History and criticism --- Church history - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Religious thought - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Theology, Doctrinal --- Christianity --- Lent --- Sacred music --- Sacred vocal music --- Vocal music --- History --- Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Church of Rome --- Roman Catholic Church --- Katholische Kirche --- Katolyt︠s︡ʹka t︠s︡erkva --- Römisch-Katholische Kirche --- Römische Kirche --- Ecclesia Catholica --- Eglise catholique --- Eglise catholique-romaine --- Katolicheskai︠a︡ t︠s︡erkovʹ --- Chiesa cattolica --- Iglesia Católica --- Kościół Katolicki --- Katolicki Kościół --- Kościół Rzymskokatolicki --- Nihon Katorikku Kyōkai --- Katholikē Ekklēsia --- Gereja Katolik --- Kenesiyah ha-Ḳatolit --- Kanisa Katoliki --- כנסיה הקתולית --- כנסייה הקתולית --- 가톨릭교 --- 천주교 --- Lent. --- Rome. --- exegesis. --- listeners. --- meditation. --- melody. --- multiethnic communities. --- oral tradition. --- papal choir of Rome. --- performers. --- religiously-diverse communities. --- second-mode tracts. --- solo chants. --- text. --- western liturgical chant.