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A free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org. Chicago is home to one of the largest, most politically active Palestinian immigrant communities in the United States. For decades, secular nationalism held sway as the dominant political ideology, but since the 1990s its structures have weakened and Islamic institutions have gained strength. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and interview data, Palestinian Chicago charts the origins of these changes and the multiple effects they have had on identity across religious, political, class, gender, and generational lines. The perspectives that emerge through this rich ethnography challenge prevailing understandings of secularity and religion, offering critical insight into current debates about immigration and national belonging.

Palestinian Americans --- Palestinian Arabs --- Social conditions. --- History --- 1990s. --- academic. --- american cities. --- american history. --- american immigrants. --- chicago. --- classism. --- fieldwork. --- gender roles. --- generational. --- government. --- immigrant communities. --- immigrant population. --- immigrant story. --- interviews. --- islam. --- islamic. --- nationalism. --- nationalist. --- palestine. --- palestinian immigrant. --- political. --- politics. --- religion. --- religious persecution. --- religious studies. --- scholarly. --- secular. --- social class. --- us history.

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"Combating the Hydra explores structural as well as occasion-specific state violence committed by the early modern Habsburg Empire. The book depicts and analyzes attacks on marginalized people "maladjusted" of all sorts, women "of ill repute," "heretic" Protestants, and "Gypsies." Previously uncharted archival records reveal the use of arbitrary imprisonment, coerced labor, and deportation. The case studies presented provide insights into the origins of modern state power from varied techniques of population control, but are also an investigation of resistance against oppression, persecution, and life-threatening assaults. The spectrum of fights against debasement is a touching attestation of the humanity of the outcasts; they range from mental and emotional perseverance to counterviolence. A conversation with the eminent historian Carlo Ginzburg concludes the collection by asking about the importance of memorizing horrors of the past"--

Political violence. --- Habsburg, House of. --- Austria --- History --- Violence --- Political crimes and offenses --- Terrorism --- Minorities --- Romanies --- Protestants --- Persecution --- Crimes against. --- History. --- Political violence --- Ethnic relations --- Christians --- Religious persecution --- Atrocities --- Bohemians (Romanies) --- Gipsies --- Gitanos --- Gypsies --- Kalderash --- Manush --- Roma (People) --- Romani --- Sinti --- Nomads --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation --- Persecutions --- al-Nimsā --- Alpen- und Donau-Reichsgaue --- Ao-ti-li --- Austrian Republic --- Ausztria --- Autriche (Republic) --- Avstrii︠a︡ --- Avstrija --- Avusturya --- Deutschösterreich --- German Austria --- Österreich --- Ostmark --- Østrig --- Osṭriyah --- Ōsutoria --- Rakousko --- Republic of Austria --- Republik Österreich --- אוסטריה --- オーストリア --- Austro-Hungarian Monarchy --- Holy Roman Empire --- coerced labor --- counter-violence --- microhistory --- early modern period --- minority persecution --- Enlightenment --- Reformation --- Roma history --- Central Europe --- Bukovina --- transportation --- Counter-Reformation --- uprisings --- Carlo Ginzburg --- embassy chapels --- penal colonies --- Protestantism --- deportation --- Habsburg Empire --- violence