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Although numerous disciplines recognize multiple ways of conceptualizing time, Stefan Tanaka argues that scholars still overwhelmingly operate on chronological and linear Newtonian or classical time that emerged during the Enlightenment. This short, approachable book implores the humanities and humanistic social sciences to actively embrace the richness of different times that are evident in non-modern societies and have become common in several scientific fields throughout the twentieth century. Tanaka first offers a history of chronology by showing how the social structures built on clocks and calendars gained material expression. Tanaka then proposes that we can move away from this chronology by considering how contemporary scientific understandings of time might be adapted to reconceive the present and pasts. This opens up a conversation that allows for the possibility of other ways to know about and re-present pasts. A multiplicity of times will help us broaden the historical horizon by embracing the heterogeneity of our lives and world via rethinking the complex interaction between stability, repetition, and change. This history without chronology also allows for incorporating the affordances of digital media.
History --- history --- Chronology, Historical. --- Philosophy. --- Annals --- Dates (Chronology) --- Historical chronology --- World history
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Lunar calendars. --- Islamic calendar. --- Calendar. --- Computus --- Astronomy --- Chronology, Historical --- Chronology --- Calendar, Islamic --- Muslim calendar --- Calendar --- Moon phases calendars --- Calendars
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In this volume of the "Forschungen in Ephesos" the recent archaeological examinations at the Theater of Ephesus are published. Beside the results of the excavations the volume incorporates the analysis of the various find categories, such as pottery and glass, terracotta, sculptures, small finds, coins as well as archaeozoological and epigraphical finds. With this, the reader can comprehensively impart and review the architectural development of the theater in the course of the eight building or usage phases.
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This book presents the study and critical edition of one of the oldest obituaries preserved for a Portuguese collegiate church - the Medieval Obituary of St. Bartholomew of Coimbra. Written on an extraordinarily complex calendar, where all the elements of the calculation of the Catholic liturgical year, the invocation of the main saints, martyrs and confessors of the Church, the ritual orientations of the daily office as well as some profane and superstition elements take place, this document projects us into mental pictures and structures of thought, of living time and religion fundamental to the understanding of Western civilization. In turn, the identification of the deceased to be celebrated daily in the church of São Bartolomeu de Coimbra and the property bequeathed by them, for the maintenance of the funeral ceremonies, allows us to observe that parish, its space and its population, for over two hundred years.
Medieval Obituary --- Portuguese Middle Ages --- Medieval Calendar --- Diplomacy --- Coimbra in the Middle Ages --- Chronology --- Paleography
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Recent results from the most important sites of the Late Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period (Edfu, Tell el-Dab'a and Abydos) have broadened our knowledge of the situation in Egypt enormously. Of utmost importance in this context are the sealing impressions from Edfu and Tell el-Dab'a bearing the name of the Hyksos ruler Khyan and the discovery of the previously-unknown royal tombs of an independent "Abydene" Dynasty in Abydos, which bring new light to bear on our understanding of the political situation in this period. Besides King Apophis, Khyan is one of the most important kings of the 15th Dynasty. However, his chronological position within the 15th Dynasty is not clear. Traditionally he has been assigned to the middle of the 15th Dynasty, but recent results now indicate a dating at the beginning of the 15th Dynasty and an overlap between the 13th and the 15th Dynasty. This new chronological position has far-reaching consequences not only for Egyptian chronology, but also for the chronology of the Mediterranean world. The new finds from Tell el-Dab'a, Edfu and Abydos necessitate a revision of the chronology of Dynasties 13 to 17 in Egypt, and a reconsideration of political and administrative structures during the Second Intermediate Period. The discussions during the workshop were very positive, although a wide range of interpretations of the evidence still remain plausible, especially in respect of the chronological conclusions. These are reflected in the range of contributions to the volume. It is hoped that this publication will stimulate further discussion and research on this important topic.
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The roman vicus at the Saazkogel represents with an expansion of about 9 ha one of the largest so far well-known Roman settlements in eastern Styria, beside the vici of Gleisdorf and Kalsdorf it can however be designated as one of the best investigated vici in southeast Noricum. Based on the results of the excavations of 2002 to 2005 and an approximately surface covering geographical investigation a detailed overall view of the settlement can be sketched. Without a doubt the plant of the settlement is due to the traffic-geographically position at the inlet of the Saaz- into the Raab-valley. Here the road in the Raab-valley, which connected Savaria-Szombathely over the vicus of Gleisdorf with central Noricum, meets the southwest road from Flavia Solva. If one regards the structure of the vicus of Saaz, then its pronounced multipartness is noticeable including the entire hill. The settlement can be pursued at the south slope of the Saazkogel on a length of at least 600 m with a gravelled slope-parallel road. North and south this road group building complexes of different size, but very similar in the sketch on artificial terraces. Approximately in the center of the settlement the greographical prospection shows a larger place-like open space. In the western part of the road is flanked by graves, under expanded grave districts were remainders of older buildings of graves, which are probably to be assumed as building in hill graves. This ensemble from actual settlement and grave road with hill graves and younger monumental buildings of graves in Roman manners is to be confronted to the large hill grave field at the north slope of the Saazkogel. The oldest settlement horizon of the Flavian-Traianic period is characterized by timber constructions. The development in stone and the associated restructuring of the settlement with a system of property units oriented uniformly in slope drop direction is to be accepted in the Hadrianic period. This development can be well compared with further findings in southeast Norican settlements (Kalsdorf, Gleisdorf). The typical living and work building of this period is the one-and / or multi-space house in an enclosure. The abandonment of these structures and a new beginning of the activities toward the end of the 2nd century AD is to be pointed out in Saaz on the basis of the findings in different settlements sections. This break of the settlement development is so far not to be seized in a comparable clarity in the neighboring vici, but shown exclusively with the necessary distinctiveness in the urban center of the region, Flavia Solva, by a horizon of destruction of the Markomannic Wars. In Saaz the significant findings of a destruction by force, are missing, the reasons for a break of the settlement development could nevertheless be brougth in connection with social and economic injury of wartime situations. With the new settlement activity toward the end of the 2nd century AD is to be seized a last prospering. A shift of the settlement emphasis led in further consequence to a cease of the use during the middle decades of the 3rd century AD the reasons for a break of the settlement development could nevertheless be brougth in connection with social and economic injury of wartime situations. With the new settlement activity toward the end of the 2nd century AD is to be seized a last prospering. A shift of the settlement emphasis led in further consequence to a cease of the use during the middle decades of the 3rd century AD the reasons for a break of the settlement development could nevertheless be brougth in connection with social and economic injury of wartime situations. With the new settlement activity toward the end of the 2nd century AD is to be seized a last prospering. A shift of the settlement emphasis led in further consequence to a cease of the use during the middle decades of the 3rd century AD Der römische Vicus am Saazkogel stellt mit einer Ausdehnung von knapp 9 ha eine der größten bislang bekannten kaiserzeitlichen Siedlungen in der Oststeiermark dar, mit Sicherheit kann er aber neben den Vici von Gleisdorf und Kalsdorf als einer der am besten erforschten Vici in Südostnoricum bezeichnet werden. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Ausgrabungen von 2002 bis 2005 und einer annähernd flächendeckenden geophysikalischen Untersuchung lässt sich ein detailliertes Gesamtbild der Siedlung entwerfen. Zweifelsohne ist die Anlage der Siedlung von Saaz durch die verkehrsgeographisch günstige Position an der Einmündung des Saaztals in das Raabtal bedingt. Hier trifft die Straße im Raabtal, welche Savaria-Szombathely über den größeren Vicus von Gleisdorf mit Binnennoricum verband, auf die von Südwesten, aus Flavia Solva, herführende Straße. Betrachtet man die Struktur des Vicus von Saaz selbst, so fällt seine ausgeprägte Mehrteiligkeit unter Einbeziehung des gesamten Hügels auf. Die Siedlung lässt sich am Südhang des Saazkogels auf einer Länge von mindestens 600 m verfolgen, wobei sie von einer geschotterten, hangparallelen Straße durchzogen wird. Nördlich und südlich dieser Straße gruppieren sich unterschiedlich große, im Grundriss zumeist sehr ähnliche Gebäudekomplexe auf künstlichen Terassen. Annähernd in der Mitte der Siedlung lässt die geophysikalische Prospektion eine größere platzartige Freifläche erkennen. Im Westteil wird die Straße von Grabbauten flankiert, unter ausgedehnten ummauerten Grabbezirken befanden sich Reste älterer Grabbauten, die vermutlich als Einbauten in Hügelgräbern anzusprechen sind. Diesem Ensemble aus eigentlicher Siedlung und Gräberstraße mit Hügelgräbern und jüngeren monumentalen Grabbauten in italisch-römischer Manier ist das große Hügelgräberfeld am Nordhang des Saazkogels gegenüberzustellen. Der älteste Siedlungshorizont flavisch-trajanischer Zeit ist durch Holzbauten charakterisiert. Ein Ausbau in Stein und die damit verbundene Neustrukturierung der Siedlung mit einem einheitlich in Hangfallrichtung orientierten System von Grundstückseinheiten ist in hadrinischer Zeit anzunehmen. Dieser Ausbau lässt sich gut mit weiteren Befunden in südostnorischen Ansiedlungen (Kalsdorf, Gleisdorf) vergleichen. Das typische Wohn- und Werkgebäude dieser Periode ist das Ein- bzw. Mehrraumhaus in einem umfriedeten Areal. Die Niederlegung dieser Strukturen und ein Neubeginn der Aktivitäten gegen Ende des 2. Jhs. n.Chr. ist in Saaz anhand der Befunde in unterschiedlichen Siedlungsabschnitten aufzuzeigen. Dieser Hiat der Siedlungsentwicklung ist in der für Saaz dokumentierbaren Deutlichkeit in den benachbarten Vici bislang nicht zu erfassen und mit der nötigen Stringenz ausschließlich im städtischen Zentrum der Region, Flavia Solva, durch Brandhorizonte der Markomannenkriege zu belegen. In Saaz fehlen die signifikanten Befunde einer gewaltsamen Zerstörung, die Gründe für eine kurzfristige Siedlungsaufgabe könnten gleichwohl mit der Unbill kriegerischer Ereignisse im Land in Verbindung zu bringen sein. Mit dem Neueinsetzen der Siedlungstätigkeit gegen Ende des 2. Jhs. n. Chr. ist zugleich auch ein letztmaliges Prosperieren zu erfassen. Eine Verlagerung des Siedlungsschwerpunkts dürfte in weiterer Folge zu einem Abbruch der Nutzung in den mittleren Jahrzehnten des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. geführt haben.
Styria (Austria) --- Antiquities, Roman. --- Noricum --- settlement-structure --- vicus --- typo-chronology --- Gleisdorf --- Hügelgrab --- V. Chr. --- Žatec
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In his last essay just weeks before his death at the age of 91, David S. Nivison says, "Breaking into a formal system - such as a chronology - must be like breaking into a code. If you are successful, success will show right off." Since the late 1970's Nivison has focused his scholarship on breaking the code of Three Dynasties (Xia, Shang, Zhou) chronology by establishing an innovative methodology based on mourning periods, astronomical phenomenon, and numerical manipulations derived from them. Nivison is most readily known in the field for revising (and then revising again) the date of the Zhou conquest of Shang, and for his theory that Western Zhou kings employed two calendars (His so-called "Two yuan" theory), the second being set in effect upon the death of the new king's predecessor and counted from the completion of post-mourning rites for him (i.e., a "second 'first' year"). Nivison's enabling discovery that the Bamboo Annals (BA) had a historical basis was initially designed to make Wang Guowei's analysis of lunar phase terms (the so-called "Four quarter" theory that separated each month into four quarters) work for Western Zhou bronze inscriptions. In order to do so he had to assume that some inscriptions used a second yuan counted from completion of mourning. The king's death was the most important event late in a reign, so this implied that a king's reign-of-record was normally counted from the second yuan, omitting initial mourning years. It follows that when the unexpressed mourning years are forgotten (or edited out) but the dates of the beginning and end of the dynasty are still known, the remaining reigns-of-record cluster toward the beginning and end, and a reign in the middle is enlarged. Problems, ideas, and solutions like the one described above are found throughout this new collection of important works on chronology, astronomy, and historiography.
Regional studies --- History --- Australasian & Pacific history --- Astronomy, Chinese. --- China --- Chinese astronomy --- Chinese History, Early Chronology, Excavated Texts, Astronomy.
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Ce volume présente les résultats d'un programme de recherche pluridisciplinaire ("Balkans 4000") financé par l'Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) et coordonné par l'éditrice entre 2007 et 2011, lorsqu'elle était membre de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée (laboratoire Archéologie et Archéométrie). Les 192 nouvelles datations 14C, produites dans les laboratoires de Lyon, Saclay et Athènes (Demokritos) à partir d'échantillons venant de 34 sites en Grèce et en Bulgarie, couvrent la période s'étendant de la fin du VIe au début du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. Ces datations éclairent l'évolution du peuplement durant les dernières phases du Néolithique, et plus particulièrement la transition vers l'âge du Bronze durant "l'obscur" IVe millénaire. Trente et un chercheurs, archéologues et spécialistes des datations 14C, signent les contributions rassemblées dans ce volume.
Radiocarbon dating --- Greece --- Antiquities. --- Radiocarbon dating - Greece --- Radiocarbon dating - Bulgaria --- Greece - Antiquities. --- Radiocarbon dating. --- Bulgaria --- Bulgaria. --- Greece. --- absolute chronology --- radiocarbon dating
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Portus, investigaciones geoarqueológicas en el muelle este-oeste collects the scientific results of the geoarchaeological project on the east-west pier of Portus (Rome) developed within the framework of the Archaeological Projects Abroad program of the Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte of the Kingdom of Spain, and also under a collaboration agreement between the University of Huelva and the Parco Archeologico di Ostia Antica. Since 2017, without interruption until the present, various excavation and study campaigns have focused their efforts on the pier via an inter- and multidisciplinary methodology involving archaeologists, geologists, palaeobotanists and palaeontologists. Thus, excavation activities, geophysical prospecting, petrographic, archaeometric studies and architectural analysis have been developed, always with the application of new photogrammetric techniques and laser scanning, which have allowed us to obtain a significant volume of data. Its analysis and interpretation now gives the most extensive and up-to-date picture of one of the most interesting and extensive docks in Portus, with new contributions related to its chronology, with a building phase from the fourth century AD; its construction system, whose foundations have been determined; the surrounding paleoenvironment, with new data related to the silting process of the Claudio inlet; as well as the changes that occured in the transition to the Early Middle Ages, among others.
History --- Geology --- Chronology --- Roman Ports --- Palaeoenvironment --- Photogrammetry --- Laser Scanning --- Social Science / Archaeology --- History / Ancient / Rome --- Social science. --- Archaeology. --- Rome --- Social sciences. --- History.
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The ninth-century Chronographia of George the Synkellos and Theophanes is the most influential historical text ever written in medieval Constantinople. Yet modern historians have never explained its popularity and power. This interdisciplinary study draws on new manuscript evidence to finally animate the Chronographia’s promise to show attentive readers the present meaning of the past. Begun by one of the Roman emperor’s most trusted and powerful officials in order to justify a failed revolt, the project became a shockingly ambitious re-writing of time itself—a synthesis of contemporary history, philosophy, and religious practice into a politicized retelling of the human story. Even through radical upheavals of the Byzantine political landscape, the Chronographia’s unique historical vision again and again compelled new readers to chase after the elusive Ends of Time.
History, Ancient --- Historiography --- Histoire ancienne --- Historiography. --- Historiographie. --- Geōrgios, --- Theophanes, --- Chronographia (Theophanes, the Confessor) --- Ecloga chronographica (Geōrgios, Synkellos) --- Byzantine Empire --- Byzantine Empire. --- History --- Chronology. --- Historical criticism --- Authorship --- Criticism --- History.
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