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The work at hand explores the successive chronometrisation of public space using the example of Vienna's public clocks from the middle of the 19th century until today...On the one hand it deals with the “exterior chronometrisation“, that is the visible aggregation of the infrastructure of time and the construction of different kinds of clocks... On the other hand it deals with the “interior chronometrisation“ which means social, psychological and cultural aspects of the perception of time and their contextualisation in phenomena of scaling and standardisation on a local basis to a world scale. The actual trend of visualising public time to the split second marks the (temporary) end of the development which shows the speedup of all areas of life in a visible and sensible way.

Tower clocks --- Clocks and watches --- Time perception --- History. --- Austria --- Public clocks --- Synchronisation of time --- Urban history --- Perception of time --- History of Vienna --- European history --- Öffentliche Uhren --- Synchronisation --- Zeitwahrnehmung --- Stadtgeschichte --- Geschichte von Wien --- Europäische Geschichte --- Wiener Würfeluhr --- Zifferblatt

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A short book about different issues in optical technologies. The importance of optical technologies for artwork charaterization is well known, in this book we show some examples where different optical technologies are applied in real cultural heritage artworks.

digital archaeology --- image classification --- stratigraphy --- landscape archaeology --- sediment analysis --- spectroscopy --- proximal sensing --- porcelain --- enamels --- China --- 18th century --- Raman microspectroscopy --- pXRF --- pigments --- arsenic --- cobalt --- Naples yellow --- Dzi bead --- agate --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray fluorescence --- X-ray absorption near edge structure --- X-ray imaging --- colour --- art --- visual --- accommodation --- binocular vision --- silver nanostars --- surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy --- cross-sections --- copper phthalocyanine --- blue pigment --- analytical diagnostics --- National Gallery of Parma --- Madonna della Misericordia --- pigment identification --- preliminary drawing --- gilding --- Byzantine --- projection mapping --- calibration --- lighting --- cultural heritage --- light damage --- colour difference --- ageing --- monitoring --- imaging spectroscopy --- spectral imaging --- exhibitions --- preventive --- quantitative --- books --- paper --- conservation --- archive --- library --- art conservation --- spectral optimization --- color quality --- LEDs --- light intensity --- illuminance --- exposure --- energy efficiency --- damage --- daguerreotype --- tarnish --- chemical cleaning --- electrocleaning --- synchrotron --- X-ray fluorescence imaging --- non-invasive investigations --- portable/reflectance spectroscopy --- portable Raman spectroscopy --- lead antimonate --- enamel blue --- caput mortuum --- hyperspectral imaging --- 18th century painting --- FORS --- XRF --- photogrammetry --- workflow --- Alhambra’s Tower of the Captive --- n/a --- Alhambra's Tower of the Captive

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In recent months, we have suffered the effects of an unexpected global health crisis that has led to an even worse global economic crisis, with GDPs plummeting to unprecedented levels. While our health workers struggle to find a vaccine to protect our health, we have had to live through situations hitherto unimagined, and we have spent even more time in our homes while our streets remained empty, which has brought to light the weaknesses and strengths of our system and our way of building and designing. Our aim is to publish research projects and papers that contribute to reactivate the Construction Sector from within, in the context of this world economic crisis. Such an effort will focus especially on solutions that improve the quality of indoor air in buildings, strengthening the circular economy in an eco-efficient rehabilitation of buildings and neighborhoods in our cities.

patrimony --- tower --- buildings rehabilitation --- eco-sustainable --- sustainable --- town planning --- resource efficiency --- eco-efficient construction solutions --- environmental --- green public procurement --- renovation --- construction --- energy --- circular economy --- innovation --- green --- urban regeneration --- roof refurbishment --- energy performance --- sustainable development goals --- urban design --- neighborhood regeneration --- competition --- architectural education --- indoor environmental quality --- health --- accessibility 2 --- housing typology 3 --- COVID-19 4 --- social isolation 5 --- regulations 6 --- architectural barriers --- energy poverty --- climate change --- life-cycle analysis --- direct and indirect energy --- bill of quantities --- urban realm --- accessibility --- social inclusion --- active aging --- social services --- heritage regeneration --- water mills --- sustainable prefabrication --- local industry --- housing --- optimization --- cool roof --- thermal insulation --- aging effect --- social housing --- life-cycle cost analysis --- city --- indicators --- social gap --- pandemic --- n/a

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Water is necessary to produce energy, and energy is required to pump, treat, and transport water. The energy–water nexus examines the interactions between these two inextricably linked elements. This Special Issue aims to explore a single "system of systems" for the integration of energy systems. This approach considers the relationships between electricity, thermal, and fuel systems; and data and information networks in order to ensure optimal integration and interoperability across the entire spectrum of the energy system. This framework for the integration of energy systems can be adapted to evaluate the interactions between energy and water. This Special Issue focuses on the analysis of water interactions with and dependencies on the dynamics of the electricity sector and the transport sector

waste heat recovery --- absorption cooling --- water–energy nexus --- steelworks --- TRNSYS --- non-equilibrium molecular dynamics --- deformed carbon nanotubes --- deformed boron nitride nanotubes --- water transport --- diffusion --- Z-distortion --- XY-distortion --- screw distortion --- oil/water separation --- superhydrophilic/underwater-superoleophobic membranes --- opposite properties --- superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity --- selective wettability --- micro/nanoscale composite structure --- virtual water network --- inter-provincial electricity transmission --- structural decomposition analysis --- electricity-water nexus --- cooling tower --- response surface model --- water --- power plant --- decarbonization --- energy concepts --- long-term energy storage --- power-to-gas --- power-to-X --- wastewater treatment --- anaerobic digestion --- water-energy nexus --- demand response --- energy consumption optimization --- multi-objective model --- urban water system --- local water supply --- electricity demand --- index decomposition analysis

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Ocean color measured by satellite-mounted optical sensors is an essential climate variable that is routinely used as a central element for assessing the health and productivity of marine ecosystems and the role of oceans in the global carbon cycle. For satellite ocean color to be reliable and used in these and other important environmental applications, the data must be trustworthy and high quality. Pre-flight and on-board calibration of satellite ocean color sensors is conducted; however, once in orbit, the data quality can only be fully assessed via independent calibration and validation activities using surface measurements. These measurements therefore need to be at least as high quality as the satellite data, which necessitates SI traceability and a full uncertainty budget. This is the basis for fiducial reference measurements (FRMs) and the FRM4SOC project, which was an European Space Agency (ESA) initiative to establish and maintain SI-traceable ground-based FRM for satellite ocean color, thus providing a fundamental contribution to the European system for monitoring the Earth (Copernicus). This Special Issue of MDPI Remote Sensing is designed to showcase this essential Earth observation work through the publication of the project’s main achievements and results accompanied by other select relevant articles.

VIIRS --- SNPP --- NOAA-20 --- DINEOF --- ocean color data --- data merging --- gap-filling --- ocean color radiometers --- radiometric calibration --- indoor intercomparison measurement --- agreement between sensors --- measurement uncertainty --- field intercomparison measurement --- Hyperspectral reflectance --- validation --- autonomous measurements --- ground-truth data --- system design --- downwelling irradiance --- satellite validation --- Fiducial Reference Measurements --- water reflectance --- satellite --- calibration --- solar diffusor --- SDSM --- desert trend --- lunar calibration --- RVS --- MODIS --- Aqua --- ocean color --- water-leaving radiance --- atmospheric correction --- Sentinel-3 OLCI --- Copernicus --- ocean colour --- system vicarious calibration --- fiducial reference measurement --- Lampedusa --- MOBY --- MarONet --- radiometry --- research infrastructure --- uncertainty budget --- satellite ocean colour --- fiducial reference measurements (FRM) --- calibration and validation --- SI traceability and uncertainty --- European Space Agency (ESA) --- Committee for Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) --- fiducial reference measurements --- SI-traceability --- Mediterranean Sea --- BOUSSOLE --- MSEA --- hyper-temporal dataset --- optical radiometry --- coastal environment --- observation geometry --- remote sensing reflectance --- ocean colour radiometers --- TriOS RAMSES --- Seabird HyperSAS --- field intercomparison --- AERONET-OC --- Acqua Alta Oceanographic Tower --- remote sensing --- spectral irradiance comparison --- spectral radiance sources comparison