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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

innovative sensing techniques --- open source --- arduino --- sensors --- experimental design --- environmental sensing --- emerging technologies --- low-cost --- accessible --- citizen science --- improvised

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Language MOOCs (or LMOOCs) are dedicated Web-based online courses for second languages with unrestricted access and potentially unlimited participation. They are generating interest and expectation in the contexts of university education, lifelong learning and online training in general. This pioneering book presents an initial analysis of the theoretical and methodological issues underlying LMOOCs and presents empirical evidence of their potential for the development of language communicative competences, based upon previously unpublished research. It provides a mosaic-like view of LMOOC research, not only with respect to the geographical and institutional origin of its authors, but also to the heterogeneous nature of their respective academic backgrounds, and suggests directions for future development. As in other types of online language courses, the integration of the results of multidisciplinary research projects and teaching experiences related to LMOOCs is fundamental to make the field advance steadily and respond to some of the real challenges and problems faced by individuals working and living in competitive plurilingual societies today.

MOOCs (Web-based instruction) --- Web-based instruction. --- Education, Higher --- Distance education. --- Computer-assisted instruction. --- Distance learning --- Online instruction, Web-based --- Online teaching --- Web-based online instruction --- Massive open online courses --- Education --- Open learning --- Telecommunication in education --- Computer-assisted instruction --- Web-based instruction --- MOOCs, Computer Assisted Language Learning, Emerging Technologies. --- Courses, Online --- Online courses --- Online education --- Distance education

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This open access book focuses on the role of civil society in the creation, dissemination, and interpretation of knowledge in geographical contexts. It offers original, interdisciplinary and counterintuitive perspectives on civil society. The book includes reflections on civil and uncivil society, the role of civil society as a change agent, and on civil society perspectives of undone science. Conceptual approaches go beyond the tripartite division of public, private and civic sectors to propose new frameworks of civic networks and philanthropic fields, which take an inclusive view of the connectivity of civic agency across sectors. This includes relational analyses of epistemic power in civic knowledge networks as well as of regional giving and philanthropy. The original empirical case studies examine traditional forms of civic engagement, such as the German landwomen’s associations, as well as novel types of organizations, such as giving circles and time banks in their geographical context. The book also offers insider reflections on doing civil society, such as the cases of the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong, epistemic activism in the United States, and the #FeesMustFall movement in South Africa.

Open access --- Analysing Civil Society --- Civil Society Associations --- Civil and Uncivil Society --- Civil Society as a Change Agent --- Civil Society Knowledge Networks --- Civil Society Networks --- Civil Society Research --- Collaborative Philanthropists --- Emerging Technologies --- Epistemic Communities and Activism --- FeesMustFall Movement --- Geography of Civil Society --- Geography of Philanthropy and Giving Circles --- Knowledge, Space, and Civil Society --- LandWomen’s Associations --- Smart Cities --- Social movements --- Human geography --- Political science & theory

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First issued in 2009, Water is celebrating our 10th anniversary this year. Thanks to all the dedicated researchers, reviewers, and editors, Water has become a popular outlet for cutting-edge research in the broad field of water science, technology, management, and governance. The open access format has proven to be attractive, and authors highly value the quick handling of papers, higher visibility and citations, as well as free and unlimited access to the new papers. After 10 years, Water has become an established journal in the field. This Special Issue is set up to mark the 10th anniversary of Water. It is devoted to the publication of comprehensive reviews encompassing the most significant developments in the realm of water sciences in the last decade.

scientific analysis --- decision-support --- classical views on knowledge and authority --- designing participatory processes involving stakeholders --- artificiality --- reconciliation ecology --- drainage --- irrigation --- ditches --- ponds --- socio-hydrogeology --- groundwater management --- communication --- engagement --- socio-economic aspects --- river relocation --- river channel --- engineering --- geomorphology --- rehabilitation --- permeable pavements --- life cycle assessment --- stormwater management --- sustainability --- freshwater changes --- climate change --- evapotranspiration --- runoff --- catchments --- Greece --- flood --- cost --- adaptation --- flood management --- cost–benefit --- water use --- irrigation efficiency --- remote sensing --- emerging technologies --- real-time control --- surface irrigation --- Murray–Darling Basin --- Colorado --- water scarcity --- IWRM --- equity --- freshwater needs --- population density --- epidemics --- sanitation --- global water requirements --- hydroinformatics --- smart cities --- smart utilities --- resilience --- distributed systems --- data --- analytics --- decision support --- sociotechnical system --- ethics --- digital water --- Governance --- flood adaptation costs --- hydro-informatics --- water management

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Computing systems are undergoing a transformation from logic-centric towards memory-centric architectures, where overall performance and energy efficiency at the system level are determined by the density, performance, functionality and efficiency of the memory, rather than the logic sub-system.

n/a --- image classification --- bipolar resistive switching characteristics --- bioelectronic devices --- self-directed channel (SDC) --- programmable ramp-down current pulses --- nanoparticles --- protein --- DRAM --- convolutional neural networks --- silicon oxide-based memristors --- electrochemical metallization cell --- magnetic tunnel junction --- power gating --- resistance switching mechanism --- BCH --- Fast Fourier Transform --- nucleic acid --- biomemory --- conductive filament --- resistive random access memory (RRAM) --- non-von Neumann architecture --- emerging technologies --- Galois field --- variability --- logic-in-memory --- charge spreading --- memristor --- Hebbian training --- crossbar --- quantum point contact --- SONOS --- bionanohybrid material --- ECG --- neuromorphic computing --- CUDA --- low-latency --- iBM --- Oxygen-related trap --- nonvolatile memory --- phase change memory --- floating gate --- non-von neumann architecture --- 3D-stacked --- STT-MRAM --- solution-based dielectric --- GPU --- Internet of things --- configurable logic-in-memory architecture --- memory wall --- biologic gate --- synaptic weight --- guide training --- ion conduction --- perpendicular Nano Magnetic Logic (pNML) --- Weibull distribution --- real-time system --- in-DRAM cache --- task placement --- dynamic voltage scaling --- MCU (microprogrammed control unit) --- wire resistance --- multi-level cell --- chalcogenide --- decoder --- character recognition --- matrix-vector multiplication --- hybrid --- magnetoresistive random access memory --- blockchain --- electrochemical metallization (ECM) --- RISC-V --- U-shape recessed channel --- neuromorphic system --- in-memory computing --- crossbar array --- associative processor --- low-power --- plasma treatment --- voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy --- flash memory --- resistive memory --- analogue computing --- bioprocessor --- annealing temperatures --- data retention --- flip-flop --- low-power technique