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This richly illustrated pictorial history of natural disasters has been composed from a large selection of images of a wide variety of sources, mostly private collections. These include reproductions of rare engravings, maps both old and new, sketches, and diagrams. The individual full-page reproductions give historical views on natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, avalanches, landslides and rock falls. The illustrations are accompanied by text describing the geophysical and historical background of the disasters, the origin of each of the engravings and stories behind the events. At the forefront of this book are the fascinating depictions of famous disasters that occurred from the 14th to the 19th centuries. These include those at Basel in 1356, Tokyo in 1650, Constantinople in 1762, as well as the eruption of Etna in 1669 and the San Francisco earthquakes of 1868 and 1909. The authors move on into the era of living memory too, covering a variety of more recent earthquakes with consequences still felt today. The text of the book goes much further, introducing the reader to the development of the modern view on the dynamical manifestations of the Earth, its structure, and the internal forces that create the conditions for catastrophic events. This is complemented and enriched by maps together with selected larger plates illustrating the early conceptions of the Earth. Finally, the authors present a chronological record of the major milestones in the development of seismology. This book is valuable not only as a scientific chronicle of natural disasters, but also due to its artistic, cultural and historical merits. Key themes: history, engravings, natural disasters, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes Both authors are senior research scientists in the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Jan Kozák was originally engaged in laboratory seismology and later moved to historical studies in seismology and volcanology. In addition to his scientific work, he has been an ardent collector of old prints; within the last 40 years he collected one of the world largest series - over 2300 of pre-photographic depictions of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. Among his 170 publications there are over ten books of pictorial character dealing mostly with the Earth sciences, and also with historical architecture and European history. Vladimír Cermák is an internationally recognized expert in geothermics, he has coordinated several research programs and convened a number of international symposia and workshops. He pioneered the basic heat flow studies in Europe; he is the author and co-author of several books, atlases and over 200 papers published in various international geological and geophysical journals. V. Cermák served as the Director of the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (1990-1998), was the Vice-President of the European Geophysical Society (1994-1998), and Chairman of the International Heat Flow Commission of the IASPEI (1995-1999). Currently he is a member of the Academia Europea, German Geophysical Society and American Geophysical Union. He is also the current President of the Czech National Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics.

Earth Sciences. --- Natural Hazards. --- Physical Geography. --- Popular Science in Nature and Environment. --- History. --- Fine Arts. --- Geography. --- Geology. --- Physical geography. --- Life sciences. --- History. --- Humanities. --- Géographie --- Géologie --- Géographie physique --- Sciences de la vie --- Histoire --- Sciences humaines

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Why should mathematics, the purest of sciences, have a history? Medieval mathematicians took little interest in the history of their discipline. Yet in the Renaissance the history of mathematics flourished. This book explores how Renaissance scholars recovered and reconstructed the origins of mathematics by tracing its invention in prehistoric Antiquity, its development by the Greeks, and its transmission to modern Europe via the works of Euclid, Theon and Proclus. The principal architects of this story -- the French philosopher and University of Paris reformer Peter Ramus, and his critic, the young Oxford astronomy lecturer Henry Savile - worked out diametrically opposed models for the development of the mathematical arts, models of historical progress and decline which mirrored each scholar's larger convictions about the nature of mathematical thinking, the purpose of the modern university, and the potential of the human mind. In their hands, the obscure story of mathematical history became a site of contention over some of the most pressing philosophical and pedagogical debates of the sixteenth century.

Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Mathematics, general. --- Classical Studies. --- Philosophy (General). --- Science --- Mathematics. --- Humanities. --- Sciences --- Mathématiques --- Sciences humaines --- Philosophie --- Mathematics --- Math --- History&delete& --- Historiography --- Ramus, Petrus, --- Savile, Henry, --- De La Ramée, Pierre, --- La Ramée, Pierre de, --- Ramée, Pierre de La, --- Ramo, Pedro, --- Ramo, Pietro, --- Ramus, P. --- Ramus, Pʹer, --- Ramus, Peter, --- ראאמוס, --- Savilius, Henricus, --- History

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Agency is a key theme that cross-cuts a wide raft of disciplines in the humanities, social sciences and beyond; yet it is invariably discussed separately behind closed disciplinary doors. Within archaeology, agency has been characterized as a uniquely human attribute, and a means of incorporating individual intentionality into theoretical discourse. In other domains, however, notions of non-human and ‘material’ agency have been finding currency, and it is our aim to introduce some of these themes into archaeology and develop a non-anthropocentric approach to agency. It is anticipated that such a perspective will not only help us achieve more convincing interpretations of the past, giving a more active role to material culture, but also throw new light on the changing role of artifacts in the present and the future. This book is a groundbreaking attempt to address questions of non-human and material agency from a wide range of perspectives and disciplines: archaeology, anthropology, sociology, cognitive science, philosophy, and economics. The editors and authors demonstrate that a distributed, relational approach to agency, incorporating both humans and artifacts, has important ramifications for how we understand material culture.

archaeology --- technology --- archeologie --- Materials sciences --- materials [matter] --- materialen (technologie) --- Archeology --- Social Sciences. --- Archaeology. --- Anthropology. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Social sciences. --- Humanities. --- Sciences sociales --- Sciences humaines --- Anthropologie --- Archéologie --- Material culture --- Agent (Philosophy) --- Agent (Philosophy). --- Material culture. --- Social archaeology. --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Social & Cultural Anthropology --- History & Archaeology --- Archaeology --- Agency (Philosophy) --- Agents --- Person (Philosophy) --- History. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE --- Sciences humaines. --- Sciences sociales. --- Philosophy. --- Cultural heritage. --- Philosophy and science. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Act (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Methodology --- Science --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Human beings --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- technology [general associated concept] --- materials [substances] --- Science and philosophy --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences

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The capability approach of Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen places human capabilities at the centre stage of discussions about justice, equality, development and the quality of life. It rejects too much emphasis on mere preference satisfaction or resource provision and highlights the importance of human agency and freedom. This approach has already significantly influenced different fields of application, like economics and development studies. Only recently have scholars started to explore its relevance for and application to the area of technology and design, which can be crucial factors in the expansion of human capabilities. How does technology influence human capabilities? What difference could a capability approach make to policies and practices of applying ICT in development processes in the South? How can we criticize and improve the design of technology from the perspective of the capability approach? The authors of this volume explore the implications of the capability approach for technology & design and together create the first volume on this emerging topic.

Multidisciplinary collective works --- Philosophy --- General ethics --- Materials sciences --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- Production management --- interdisciplinair onderzoek --- DFMA (design for manufacture and assembly) --- ethiek --- filosofie --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- Engineering design. --- Ethics. --- Humanities. --- Interdisciplinary Studies. --- Philosophy (General). --- Philosophy of Technology. --- Philosophy. --- Sciences humaines. --- Sciences sociales. --- Technology -- Philosophy. --- Technology --- Social aspects. --- Engineering Design. --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Values --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Design --- Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics. --- Technology and civilization --- Technological innovations.

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The fact that preferences change is a pressing but unresolved problem for philosophy and the social sciences. Social scientists use preferences to explain agents’ behaviour; philosophers use preferences to explicate value judgements. A lot of empirical research is invested into identifying people’s preferences. However, the success of these endeavours is seriously threatened, because precise accounts of when and why preferences change are lacking. This volume answers to this need by collecting new essays from an interdisciplinary group of experts in the field. These essays, especially written for this volume, survey the newest approaches to preference change developed in the social sciences and in philosophy, and will serve as a platform for future research. They review some standard material, including the neoclassical preference model and doxastic preference change, time preferences and the debate over policy evaluation under preference change. However, the focus is on new research that is not widely known, such as conditional utilities, non-monotonic logics, complex systems models, inter-temporal choice approaches, etc. The book serves three purposes. It introduces undergraduate students to the current state of research on preference change, it gives graduate students and researchers in-depth insights into the state-of-the-art modelling techniques of different disciplines; and it points out to experts the lacunae in the literature and directions for future research.

Microeconomics --- psychosociale wetenschappen --- Logic --- sociologie --- Social sciences (general) --- logica --- micro-economie --- Philosophical anthropology --- Philosophy of science --- Choice (Psychology). --- PHILOSOPHY --- Preferences (Philosophy). --- Sciences humaines. --- Sciences sociales. --- Ethics & Moral Philosophy. --- Ethics. --- Logic. --- Education --- Social sciences --- Microeconomics. --- Educational Philosophy. --- Philosophy of the Social Sciences. --- Price theory --- Economics --- Social philosophy --- Social theory --- Deontology --- Ethics, Primitive --- Ethology --- Moral philosophy --- Morality --- Morals --- Philosophy, Moral --- Science, Moral --- Philosophy --- Values --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Philosophy. --- Methodology --- Education—Philosophy. --- Philosophy and social sciences. --- Social sciences and philosophy --- Preferences (Philosophy) --- Choice (Psychology)