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Drawing on historical institutionalism and strategic frameworks, this book analyzes the evolution of the Workers' Party between 1989, the year of Lula's first presidential bid, and 2009, when his second presidential term entered its final stretch. The book's primary purpose is to understand why and how the once-radical Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) moderated the programmatic positions it endorsed and adopted other aspects of a more catch-all electoral strategy, thereby increasing its electoral appeal. At the same time, the book seeks to shed light on why some of the PT's distinctive normative commitments and organizational practices have endured in the face of adaptations aimed at expanding the party's vote share. The conclusion asks whether, in the face of these changes and continuities, the PT can still be considered a mass organized party of the left.

Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil) --- Workers' Party (Brazil) --- PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil)) --- P.T. (Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil)) --- Parti des travailleurs (Brazil) --- Partido de los Trabajadores (Brazil) --- P.T. Brasil --- Partido de los Trabajadores de Brasil --- Brazilian Workers' Party --- Brazil --- Politics and government --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Political parties

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Democratization --- Local government --- Civil society --- Social contract --- Local administration --- Township government --- Subnational governments --- Administrative and political divisions --- Decentralization in government --- Public administration --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil) --- Workers' Party (Brazil) --- PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil)) --- P.T. (Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil)) --- Parti des travailleurs (Brazil) --- Partido de los Trabajadores (Brazil) --- P.T. Brasil --- Partido de los Trabajadores de Brasil --- Brazilian Workers' Party --- Brazil --- Politics and government

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Lula, --- Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil) --- Brazil --- Brésil --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Socialism --- 834 Arbeid --- 841 Politiek Bestel --- 841.3 Politieke bewegingen --- 843 Middenveld --- 844 Sociale Structuur --- 844.6 Samenlevingsproblemen --- 861 Vredesbeweging --- 882.2 Zuid-Amerika --- Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil). --- Brésil --- Silva, Luís Inácio da, --- Silva, Luiz Inácio da, --- Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio, --- Workers' Party (Brazil) --- PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil)) --- P.T. (Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil)) --- Parti des travailleurs (Brazil) --- Partido de los Trabajadores (Brazil) --- P.T. Brasil --- Partido de los Trabajadores de Brasil --- Brazilian Workers' Party --- Da Silva, Lula, --- Silva, Lula da,

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Brazil, the world's largest sugar producer, supplies sixteen per cent of its energy consumption and approximately three quarters of its transport fuels with sugarcane-based ethanol. From ca. 2003 until 2014, the country under the Workers' Party government aimed at creating a global market for ethanol. The time seemed right to steer foreign policy towards this goal due to a benevolent structural environment with global discussions about energy security, climate change, and South-South cooperation. Within a neoclassical realist framework, this study examines why Brazil did not fully succeed in its ethanol diplomacy to create a global market for ethanol. The analysis covers three analytical levels: the bilateral with Brazil in power deficit, the bilateral with Brazil in power surplus, and the multilateral, represented in three empirical chapters, Brazil-US, Brazil-Mozambique, and Brazil's multilateral ethanol diplomacy, respectively. Each chapter finishes with a set of recommendations for political consideration. This study also demonstrates how the theoretical approach of neoclassical realism can combine foreign policy output with international politics outcome research and is useful to analyse policy outside the hard security realm. It offers a basis for further research towards an understanding of Brazil's overall foreign policy and the foreign policies of other emerging powers.

Ethanol fuel industry --- History --- Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil) --- Brazil --- Economic policy --- Fuel ethanol industry --- Alcohol fuel industry --- Biomass energy industries --- Workers' Party (Brazil) --- PT (Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil)) --- P.T. (Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazil)) --- Parti des travailleurs (Brazil) --- Partido de los Trabajadores (Brazil) --- P.T. Brasil --- Partido de los Trabajadores de Brasil --- Brazilian Workers' Party --- al-Barāzīl --- Barāzīl --- Brasil --- Brasile --- Brasilia --- Brasilië --- Brasilien --- Brazili --- Brazili Federativlă Respubliki --- Brazilia --- Brazilië --- Brazilii︠a︡ --- Brazilii︠a︡ Federativ Respublikaḣy --- Braziliya --- Braziliya Federativ Respublikası --- Brazilská federativní republika --- Brazylia --- Brésil --- Burajiru --- Federale Republiek van Brasilië --- Federative Republic of Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazil --- Federativna republika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Federat︠s︡iėm Respublikė Brazil --- Fedėratyŭnai︠a︡ Rėspublika Brazilii︠a︡ --- Gweriniaeth Ffederal Brasil --- Pa-hsi --- Pa-se --- Pa-se Liân-pang Kiōng-hô-kok --- Pederatibong Republika sa Brasil --- Pindorama --- República Federal del Brasil --- Republica Federale di u Brasile --- Republica Federativa del Brazil --- República Federativa do Brasil --- Rèpublica fèdèrativa du Brèsil --- Republik Kevreel Brazil --- République fédérative du Brésil --- Tantasqa Republika Wrasil --- Tetã Pindorama --- Wrasil --- Федэратыўная Рэспубліка Бразілія --- Федеративна република Бразилия --- Федерациэм Республикэ Бразил --- Бразил --- Бразили --- Бразили Федеративлă Республики --- Бразилия --- Бразилия Федератив Республикаhы --- Бразілія --- البرازيل --- برازيل --- ブラジル --- Ethanol fuel industry. --- Economic policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- 2000-2099 --- Brazil. --- Politique économique