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This eBook provides a compendium of the current state-of-the-art in research tools for, and understanding of, the critical research areas in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with a strong emphasis on (HG-SOC). Research areas covered include therapy response and development, microenvironmental influences and the etiology and progression of EOC. Ten articles detail established and novel in vivo and in vitro model systems. These include primary and immortalized cell culture in 2D and 3D as well as genetically engineered, transgenic, spontaneous, syngeneic, classical xenograft and patient derived xenograft mouse models. The generation of genetically engineered mouse models of HG-SOC has been a major dilemma as models with the oncogenic aberrations common in the human malignancy do not accurately recapitulate HG-SOC. Conversely, commonly used HG-SOC cell lines have been found to not harbor the expected genetic changes. These issues as well as the rapid acceptance of patient derived xenograft models are reviewed. Five articles discuss different aspects of the tumor microenvironment including its role in therapy resistance, disease progression and metastasis. Mutation of BRCA1/2 continues to be the best defined risk factor for HG-SOC. Three articles discuss BRCA-loss in the context of disease development, targeted therapies and changes in preventative measures proposed for mutation carriers in light of the recent advances in knowledge regarding the origins of this malignancy. An image of HG-SOC with reduced BRCA1 expression is featured on the cover (image by VM Howell). A major clinical issue for patients with HG-SOC is the development of therapy resistance. Five articles focus on therapy resistance and different ways to overcome resistance. Overall, this eBook is an outstanding resource to aid researchers design their programs of research and determine the most appropriate and up-to-date EOC model systems to address their research questions.

Ovaries --- Neoplasms. --- Oncology. --- Cancer --- Research. --- 3D-cell culture --- Ovarian cancer stem cells --- ovarian cancer --- tumor-associated macrophage --- BRCA --- chemoresistance --- fallopian tube --- tumour microenvironment --- mouse models of ovarian cancer --- patient derived xenografts --- primary ovarian tumour cells --- Ascites

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The number of males diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) is increasing all over the world. Most patients with early-stage PCa can be treated with appropriate therapy, such as radical prostatectomy or irradiation. On the other hand, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard systemic therapy given to patients with advanced PCa. ADT induces temporary remission, but the majority of patients (approximately 60%) eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is associated with a high mortality rate. Generally, well-differentiated PCa cells are androgen dependent, i.e., androgen receptor (AR) signalling regulates cell cycle and differentiation. The loss of AR signalling after ADT triggers androgen-independent outgrowth, generating poorly differentiated, uncontrollable PCa cells. Once PCa cells lose their sensitivity to ADT, effective therapies are limited. In the last few years, however, several new options for the treatment of CRPC have been approved, e.g., the CYP17 inhibitor, the AR antagonist, and the taxane. Despite this progress in the development of new drugs, there is a high medical need for optimizing the sequence and combination of approved drugs. Thus, the identification of predictive biomarkers may help in the context of personalized medicine to guide treatment decisions, improve clinical outcomes, and prevent unnecessary side effects. In this Special Issue Book, we focused on the cytobiology of human PCa cells and its clinical applications to develop a major step towards personalized medicine matched to the individual needs of patients with early-stage and advanced PCa and CRPC. We hope that this Special Issue Book attracts the attention of readers with expertise and interest in the cytobiology of PCa cells.

Medicine --- androgen receptor --- docetaxel --- cabazitaxel --- castration-resistant prostate cancer --- chemotherapy --- P-glycoprotein --- EPI-002 --- splice variant --- prostate-specific antigen --- androgen deprivation therapy --- time to PSA nadir --- fibroblasts --- prostate cancer --- androgen sensitivity --- pirfenidone --- TGFβ1 --- G1 cell cycle arrest --- fibroblast growth factor --- fibroblast growth factor receptor --- obesity --- inflammation --- immune cells --- cytokine --- high-fat diet --- KIFC1 --- docetaxel resistance --- apoptosis --- CW069 --- Caveolin-1 --- TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 --- tumour stroma --- tumour microenvironment --- fibroblast --- CAF --- resistance --- radiotherapy --- CCL2 --- CCL22 --- CCL5 --- migration --- LSD1 --- epigenetics --- autophagy --- abiraterone --- enzalutamide --- testosterone --- castration resistant prostate cancer --- animal model --- diet --- fat --- in vitro --- in vivo --- mouse --- AKR1C3 --- hormone-naïve prostate cancer --- immunohistochemistry --- tissue microarray --- androgen receptor dependency --- fibroblast-dependent androgen receptor activation --- androgen receptor --- docetaxel --- cabazitaxel --- castration-resistant prostate cancer --- chemotherapy --- P-glycoprotein --- EPI-002 --- splice variant --- prostate-specific antigen --- androgen deprivation therapy --- time to PSA nadir --- fibroblasts --- prostate cancer --- androgen sensitivity --- pirfenidone --- TGFβ1 --- G1 cell cycle arrest --- fibroblast growth factor --- fibroblast growth factor receptor --- obesity --- inflammation --- immune cells --- cytokine --- high-fat diet --- KIFC1 --- docetaxel resistance --- apoptosis --- CW069 --- Caveolin-1 --- TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 --- tumour stroma --- tumour microenvironment --- fibroblast --- CAF --- resistance --- radiotherapy --- CCL2 --- CCL22 --- CCL5 --- migration --- LSD1 --- epigenetics --- autophagy --- abiraterone --- enzalutamide --- testosterone --- castration resistant prostate cancer --- animal model --- diet --- fat --- in vitro --- in vivo --- mouse --- AKR1C3 --- hormone-naïve prostate cancer --- immunohistochemistry --- tissue microarray --- androgen receptor dependency --- fibroblast-dependent androgen receptor activation

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Since early diagnosis and optimal treatment selection are crucial to improving the prognosis of these diseases, the discovery of useful biomarkers has the potential to greatly reduce their burden. Recent technical and mechanical developments have allowed for the detection of tiny differences in various factors modified in physical conditions, which could contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers for some diseases.In this Special Issue, we aim to focus on novel biomarkers for GI cancers, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and biliary cancer. In addition, any samples (tissue, blood, urine and feces) are useful as biomarker sources, although body-fluid-based biomarkers are promising as diagnostic biomarkers due to their noninvasiveness. This Special Issue aims to collect novel insights clarifying the current situation and future perspective in this field.

Medicine --- Oncology --- colorectal cancer --- advanced adenoma --- screening --- stool --- mRNA --- cancer screening --- cirrhosis --- AFP --- machine learning --- MALDI-TOF --- proteomics --- CXCR4 --- prognosis --- overall survival --- rectal cancer --- neoadjuvant chemoradiation --- mouse model --- biomarkers --- urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) --- urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) --- plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) --- circulating tumour cell (CTC) --- gastric cancer --- oesophageal cancer --- serine proteases --- tumour microenvironment --- serpins --- biomarker --- chemoresistance --- liquid biopsy --- microRNA --- long non-coding RNA --- colorectal neoplasms --- cancer screening tests --- early detection of cancer --- precision medicine --- unfolded protein --- hepatocellular cancer --- GSVA --- unfolded protein score --- epigenetic regulation genes --- somatic mutations --- molecular genetic markers --- extracellular vesicles --- microbiome --- 16S rRNA amplicon --- metagenomics --- liver fibrosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- recurrence --- SHG/TPEF microscopy --- artificial intelligence --- advanced gastric cancer --- targeted therapy --- urinary miRNA --- miR-129-1-3p --- miR-566 --- colorectal cancer --- advanced adenoma --- screening --- stool --- mRNA --- cancer screening --- cirrhosis --- AFP --- machine learning --- MALDI-TOF --- proteomics --- CXCR4 --- prognosis --- overall survival --- rectal cancer --- neoadjuvant chemoradiation --- mouse model --- biomarkers --- urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) --- urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) --- plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) --- circulating tumour cell (CTC) --- gastric cancer --- oesophageal cancer --- serine proteases --- tumour microenvironment --- serpins --- biomarker --- chemoresistance --- liquid biopsy --- microRNA --- long non-coding RNA --- colorectal neoplasms --- cancer screening tests --- early detection of cancer --- precision medicine --- unfolded protein --- hepatocellular cancer --- GSVA --- unfolded protein score --- epigenetic regulation genes --- somatic mutations --- molecular genetic markers --- extracellular vesicles --- microbiome --- 16S rRNA amplicon --- metagenomics --- liver fibrosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- recurrence --- SHG/TPEF microscopy --- artificial intelligence --- advanced gastric cancer --- targeted therapy --- urinary miRNA --- miR-129-1-3p --- miR-566

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Since early diagnosis and optimal treatment selection are crucial to improving the prognosis of these diseases, the discovery of useful biomarkers has the potential to greatly reduce their burden. Recent technical and mechanical developments have allowed for the detection of tiny differences in various factors modified in physical conditions, which could contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers for some diseases.In this Special Issue, we aim to focus on novel biomarkers for GI cancers, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and biliary cancer. In addition, any samples (tissue, blood, urine and feces) are useful as biomarker sources, although body-fluid-based biomarkers are promising as diagnostic biomarkers due to their noninvasiveness. This Special Issue aims to collect novel insights clarifying the current situation and future perspective in this field.

Medicine --- Oncology --- colorectal cancer --- advanced adenoma --- screening --- stool --- mRNA --- n/a --- cancer screening --- cirrhosis --- AFP --- machine learning --- MALDI-TOF --- proteomics --- CXCR4 --- prognosis --- overall survival --- rectal cancer --- neoadjuvant chemoradiation --- mouse model --- biomarkers --- urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) --- urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) --- plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) --- circulating tumour cell (CTC) --- gastric cancer --- oesophageal cancer --- serine proteases --- tumour microenvironment --- serpins --- biomarker --- chemoresistance --- liquid biopsy --- microRNA --- long non-coding RNA --- colorectal neoplasms --- cancer screening tests --- early detection of cancer --- precision medicine --- unfolded protein --- hepatocellular cancer --- GSVA --- unfolded protein score --- epigenetic regulation genes --- somatic mutations --- molecular genetic markers --- extracellular vesicles --- microbiome --- 16S rRNA amplicon --- metagenomics --- liver fibrosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- recurrence --- SHG/TPEF microscopy --- artificial intelligence --- advanced gastric cancer --- targeted therapy --- urinary miRNA --- miR-129-1-3p --- miR-566

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Since early diagnosis and optimal treatment selection are crucial to improving the prognosis of these diseases, the discovery of useful biomarkers has the potential to greatly reduce their burden. Recent technical and mechanical developments have allowed for the detection of tiny differences in various factors modified in physical conditions, which could contribute to the discovery of novel biomarkers for some diseases.In this Special Issue, we aim to focus on novel biomarkers for GI cancers, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer and biliary cancer. In addition, any samples (tissue, blood, urine and feces) are useful as biomarker sources, although body-fluid-based biomarkers are promising as diagnostic biomarkers due to their noninvasiveness. This Special Issue aims to collect novel insights clarifying the current situation and future perspective in this field.

colorectal cancer --- advanced adenoma --- screening --- stool --- mRNA --- n/a --- cancer screening --- cirrhosis --- AFP --- machine learning --- MALDI-TOF --- proteomics --- CXCR4 --- prognosis --- overall survival --- rectal cancer --- neoadjuvant chemoradiation --- mouse model --- biomarkers --- urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) --- urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) --- plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) --- circulating tumour cell (CTC) --- gastric cancer --- oesophageal cancer --- serine proteases --- tumour microenvironment --- serpins --- biomarker --- chemoresistance --- liquid biopsy --- microRNA --- long non-coding RNA --- colorectal neoplasms --- cancer screening tests --- early detection of cancer --- precision medicine --- unfolded protein --- hepatocellular cancer --- GSVA --- unfolded protein score --- epigenetic regulation genes --- somatic mutations --- molecular genetic markers --- extracellular vesicles --- microbiome --- 16S rRNA amplicon --- metagenomics --- liver fibrosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- recurrence --- SHG/TPEF microscopy --- artificial intelligence --- advanced gastric cancer --- targeted therapy --- urinary miRNA --- miR-129-1-3p --- miR-566