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This Special Issue on molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology in crop plant breeding seeks to encourage the use of the tools currently available. It features nine research papers that address quality traits, grain yield, and mutations by exploring cytoplasmic male sterility, the delicate control of flowering in rice, the removal of anti-nutritional factors, the use and development of new technologies for non-model species marker technology, site-directed mutagenesis and GMO regulation, genomics selection and genome-wide association studies, how to cope with abiotic stress, and an exploration of fruit trees adapted to harsh environments for breeding purposes. A further four papers review the genetics of pre-harvest spouting, readiness for climate-smart crop development, genomic selection in the breeding of cereal crops, and the large numbers of mutants in straw lignin biosynthesis and deposition.

Wx --- transgenic cereals --- GWAS --- anther --- cytoplasmic male sterility --- mutants --- oleic acid --- QTL --- plant breeding --- QTL/genes --- lignin --- maintainer --- Japanese plum --- pre-harvest sprouting --- mutations --- RNA-seq --- fertility restoration --- Rf1 gene --- association mapping --- estimated breeding value --- non-open hull 1(noh1) --- protein --- gene mapping --- electrospray ionisation --- climate change --- genome editing --- fatty acid composition --- phloem metabolites --- ISSR --- gold hull and internode --- genotyping by sequencing --- gibberellin --- cultivar --- GmDof4 --- bioinformatics --- CRISPR/Cas9 site directed mutagenesis --- quality groups --- linkage map --- ddRAD sequencing --- breeding scheme --- mutation breeding --- PPR genes --- genetic structure --- genetic resources --- Pentatricopeptide Repeats --- crops --- amylose content --- genetic value --- seed dormancy --- diversity --- mapping populations --- cytoplasmic male sterile --- genomic prediction --- SNP --- TGW6 --- mass spectrometry --- abscisic acid --- wheat --- lodicule --- genome-wide association scan --- genomic selection --- RNA editing --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- nitrogen --- faba bean --- next generation sequencing --- zt-1 --- grass family --- differentially expressed genes --- rice --- brown midrib --- sunflower --- pedigree --- genotyping-by-sequencing --- “omics” data --- quantitative genetics --- orange lemma --- F1 hybrids --- SSR --- drought --- candidate genes --- Brassica napus --- GmDof11 --- new plant breeding techniques --- mutational breeding --- genetic modification --- cell wall --- monolignol pathway