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Theophylline --- Theophylline --- 547.857.4

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Lung --- Pyridones --- Airway Resistance --- Imidazoles --- Theophylline --- drug effects --- pharmacology

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The aim of this study was to synthesize a set of non-symmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene precursors derived from caffeine, a cheap and abundant natural alkaloid, by alkylating this methylxanthine. Since it was only possible to methylate or ethylate caffeine, our project then focused on the synthesis of imidazolium salts derived from theophylline, another natural alkaloid similar to caffeine. The target compounds were obtained with decent to good yields. Symmetrical benzimidazolium salts were prepared in order to achieve a comparative study.

caffeine --- theophylline --- NHC --- N-heterocyclic carbene --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie

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Asthma --- Airway Resistance --- Bronchial Provocation Tests --- Bronchodilator Agents --- Theophylline --- Bronchial Diseases --- drug therapy --- drug effects --- administration & dosage --- pharmacokinetics --- immunology

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The 3D printing (3DP) process was patented in 1986; however, only in the last decade has it begun to be used for medical applications, as well as in the fields of prosthetics, bio-fabrication, and pharmaceutical printing. 3DP or additive manufacturing (AM) is a family of technologies that implement layer-by-layer processes in order to fabricate physical models based on a computer aided design (CAD) model. 3D printing permits the fabrication of high degrees of complexity with great reproducibility in a fast and cost-effective fashion. 3DP technology offers a new paradigm for the direct manufacture of individual dosage forms and has the potential to allow for variations in size and geometry as well as control dose and release behavior. Furthermore, the low cost and ease of use of 3DP systems means that the possibility of manufacturing medicines and medical devices at the point of dispensing or at the point of use could become a reality. 3DP thus offers the perfect innovative manufacturing route to address the critical capability gap that hinders the widespread exploitation of personalized medicines for molecules that are currently not easy to deliver. This Special Issue will address new developments in the area of 3D printing and bioprinting for drug delivery applications, covering the recent advantages and future directions of additive manufacturing for pharmaceutical products.

Medicine --- digital pharmacy --- fused deposition modeling 3D printing --- modified drug release --- personalized medicines --- telemedicine --- three dimensional printing --- additive manufacturing --- 3D printed drug products --- printlets --- personalised medicines --- personalized pharmaceuticals --- multiple units --- spheroids --- beads --- acetaminophen --- 3D printing --- fused filament fabrication --- lignin --- antioxidant materials --- wound dressing --- modified release --- filament extrusion --- fused layer modeling --- theophylline --- high API load --- three-dimensional printing --- fixed-dose combinations --- tablets --- multiple-layer dosage forms --- stereolithography --- vat polymerisation --- fused deposition modeling --- polylactic acid --- chemical modification --- MTT assay --- biofilm formation --- warfarin --- semisolid extrusion 3D printing --- inkjet printing --- orodispersible film --- oral powder --- pediatric --- hospital pharmacy --- personalized medicine --- on-demand manufacturing --- drug delivery --- micromedicine --- drug development --- micro-swimmer --- micro-implant --- oral dosages --- microneedle --- high-precision targeting --- controlled release --- geometry --- resolution --- feature size --- release profile --- vascularization --- digital light processing technology --- neural networks --- optimization --- prediction --- FMD --- pregabalin --- gastric floating --- complex structures --- patient-specific --- structural design --- gums --- Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing --- processing parameters --- pharmaceutical quality control --- hot-melt extrusion --- solid dosage forms --- 3D printed oral dosage forms --- sustained drug release tablets --- photopolymerization --- paracetamol (acetaminophen) --- aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) --- amorphous solid dispersion --- poor solubility --- fixed dose combination --- stencil printing --- pharmacoprinting --- orodispersible discs --- orodisperible films --- floating systems --- pulsatile release --- chronotherapeutic delivery --- wound-healing --- 3D bio-printing --- pectin --- propolis --- cyclodextrin --- 3D bio-inks --- fused deposition modelling --- extrusion --- vaginal meshes --- mechanical properties --- drug release --- anti-infective devices --- pelvic organ prolapse --- stress urinary incontinence --- gastro-retentive floating system --- dissolution kinetics --- implantable devices --- subcutaneous --- biodegradable --- prolonged drug delivery --- polymers --- pharmaceuticals --- extrusion-based 3D printing --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) --- materials --- process --- 3D bioprinting --- polymeric ink --- pseudo-bone --- implantable scaffold --- computer-aided design (CAD) design --- bioprinting --- computer-aided design (CAD) --- pharmaceutics --- digital pharmacy --- fused deposition modeling 3D printing --- modified drug release --- personalized medicines --- telemedicine --- three dimensional printing --- additive manufacturing --- 3D printed drug products --- printlets --- personalised medicines --- personalized pharmaceuticals --- multiple units --- spheroids --- beads --- acetaminophen --- 3D printing --- fused filament fabrication --- lignin --- antioxidant materials --- wound dressing --- modified release --- filament extrusion --- fused layer modeling --- theophylline --- high API load --- three-dimensional printing --- fixed-dose combinations --- tablets --- multiple-layer dosage forms --- stereolithography --- vat polymerisation --- fused deposition modeling --- polylactic acid --- chemical modification --- MTT assay --- biofilm formation --- warfarin --- semisolid extrusion 3D printing --- inkjet printing --- orodispersible film --- oral powder --- pediatric --- hospital pharmacy --- personalized medicine --- on-demand manufacturing --- drug delivery --- micromedicine --- drug development --- micro-swimmer --- micro-implant --- oral dosages --- microneedle --- high-precision targeting --- controlled release --- geometry --- resolution --- feature size --- release profile --- vascularization --- digital light processing technology --- neural networks --- optimization --- prediction --- FMD --- pregabalin --- gastric floating --- complex structures --- patient-specific --- structural design --- gums --- Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing --- processing parameters --- pharmaceutical quality control --- hot-melt extrusion --- solid dosage forms --- 3D printed oral dosage forms --- sustained drug release tablets --- photopolymerization --- paracetamol (acetaminophen) --- aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) --- amorphous solid dispersion --- poor solubility --- fixed dose combination --- stencil printing --- pharmacoprinting --- orodispersible discs --- orodisperible films --- floating systems --- pulsatile release --- chronotherapeutic delivery --- wound-healing --- 3D bio-printing --- pectin --- propolis --- cyclodextrin --- 3D bio-inks --- fused deposition modelling --- extrusion --- vaginal meshes --- mechanical properties --- drug release --- anti-infective devices --- pelvic organ prolapse --- stress urinary incontinence --- gastro-retentive floating system --- dissolution kinetics --- implantable devices --- subcutaneous --- biodegradable --- prolonged drug delivery --- polymers --- pharmaceuticals --- extrusion-based 3D printing --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) --- materials --- process --- 3D bioprinting --- polymeric ink --- pseudo-bone --- implantable scaffold --- computer-aided design (CAD) design --- bioprinting --- computer-aided design (CAD) --- pharmaceutics