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The book is devoted to the design, application and characterization of thin films and structures, with special emphasis on optical applications. It comprises ten papers—five featured and five regular—authored by scientists all over the world. Diverse materials are studied and their possible applications are demonstrated and discussed—transparent conductive coatings and structures from ZnO doped with Al and Ga and Ti-doped SnO2, polymers and nanosized zeolite thin films for optical sensing, TiO2 with linear and nonlinear optical properties, organic diamagnetic materials, broadband optical coatings, CrWN glass molding coatings, and silicon on insulator waveguides.

basal cell carcinoma --- diagnostic test accuracy --- in vivo --- reflectance confocal microscopy --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- photochemotherapy --- methylaminolevulinate --- actinic keratosis --- vitamin d --- calcitriol --- vitamin d receptor --- skin cancer --- diagnosis --- cytology --- actinic cheilitis --- squamous cell carcinoma --- lip neoplasms --- cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma --- ultraviolet radiation --- genes --- microRNAs --- lncRNAs --- novel therapeutic approaches --- non-melanoma skin cancer --- Merkel cell carcinoma --- telomeres --- telomerase --- epigenetics --- miRNA --- Hedgehog pathway --- signaling pathways --- carcinogenesis

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Spermatogenesis requires radical restructuring of germline chromatin at multiple stages, involving coordinated waves of DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modification, and the replacement and removal that occurs before, during, and after meiosis. This Special Issue will draw together papers that address all aspects of chromatin organization and dynamics in the male germ line, in humans, and in model organisms. In particular, we will invite authors to discuss novel methods for studying germline chromatin structure, the interplay between chromatin structure and susceptibility to DNA damage and mutation, chromatin modifications associated with epigenetic inheritance in the early embryo, and the impact this work has for understanding natural fertility and improving assisted reproduction techniques.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- mouse sperm chromatin --- chromosome organization --- nuclear-3D-parameters --- spermiogenesis --- chromatin remodeling --- DNA double-strand breaks --- genetic instability --- mutations --- sperm DNA damage --- DNA fragmentation --- infertility --- assisted reproduction --- miscarriage --- implantation --- nuclear organization --- sperm --- morphometrics --- chromosome painting --- nucleoli --- NOR --- chromosome associations --- meiotic prophase --- spermatocytes --- Mus m. domesticus --- Robertsonian chromosomes --- chromosome translocation --- Y chromosome --- testis --- spermatogenesis --- SLY --- mouse --- oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species --- chromatin --- DNA oxidation --- male infertility --- spermatozoa --- chromosomes --- chromosome territories --- centromeres --- male germ cells --- telomeres --- reproductive aging --- nuclear organisation --- epigenetic inheritance --- histone retention --- in vitro fertilisation

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This book contributes to increasing the knowledge on the mechanisms of action of natural antioxidants, evidencing their pleiotropic role in the prevention and/or counteraction of degenerative diseases, and promoting their application in the functional food and cosmetic fields.

CNS --- fava beans --- glucose --- fructose --- oxidative stress --- vitagenes --- neurodegeneration --- SH-SY5Y cell line --- 3D cultures --- phytochemicals --- antioxidants --- cyanidin-3-glucoside --- phenolic metabolites --- gut microbiota --- signaling pathways --- intestinal injury --- proliferation --- migration --- vascular smooth muscle cells --- atherosclerosis --- tumor necrosis factor-alpha --- Hibiscus leaf polyphenols --- Rosmarinus officinalis --- essential oil --- scopolamine --- anxiety --- memory --- Ectoine --- keratinocytes --- melanogenesis --- tyrosinase --- α-MSH --- Nrf2 --- bioactive peptides --- Keap1/Nrf2 pathway --- natural antioxidants --- FPP® --- nutraceutical supplementation --- C57BL/6J --- anti-aging effect --- antioxidant effect --- telomeres --- telomerase --- SOD-1 --- GSH --- natural antioxidant --- seaweed --- algae --- Fucus vesiculosus --- n/a

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This book contributes to increasing the knowledge on the mechanisms of action of natural antioxidants, evidencing their pleiotropic role in the prevention and/or counteraction of degenerative diseases, and promoting their application in the functional food and cosmetic fields.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- CNS --- fava beans --- glucose --- fructose --- oxidative stress --- vitagenes --- neurodegeneration --- SH-SY5Y cell line --- 3D cultures --- phytochemicals --- antioxidants --- cyanidin-3-glucoside --- phenolic metabolites --- gut microbiota --- signaling pathways --- intestinal injury --- proliferation --- migration --- vascular smooth muscle cells --- atherosclerosis --- tumor necrosis factor-alpha --- Hibiscus leaf polyphenols --- Rosmarinus officinalis --- essential oil --- scopolamine --- anxiety --- memory --- Ectoine --- keratinocytes --- melanogenesis --- tyrosinase --- α-MSH --- Nrf2 --- bioactive peptides --- Keap1/Nrf2 pathway --- natural antioxidants --- FPP® --- nutraceutical supplementation --- C57BL/6J --- anti-aging effect --- antioxidant effect --- telomeres --- telomerase --- SOD-1 --- GSH --- natural antioxidant --- seaweed --- algae --- Fucus vesiculosus

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To celebrate its 10th anniversary, the prestigious journal Cells launched a series of Special Issues in 2021. The Special Issue entitled “10th Anniversary of Cells—Advances in Cell Cycle” was launched together with other sister Special Issues under the umbrella “10th Anniversary of Cells.” The cell cycle is a series of events that drives cells to divide and produce two new daughter cells. The typical cell cycle in eukaryotes is composed of the following phases: G1, S, G2, and M phases. Cell cycle progression is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory cyclin subunits. CDKs, such as CDK4/6, CDK2, and CDK1 (also known as CDC2), are serine/threonine kinases with a wide variety of substrates. CDKs are activated mainly by binding to their cyclin partners, whose expressions rise and fall throughout the cell cycle to mediate the temporal activation of each CDKs. Various cell cycle checkpoints exist to ensure that critical processes are engaged prior to progression to the next phase. These cell cycle checkpoints are the G1 (restriction) checkpoint, the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).This Special Issue attracted the attention of many scientists in the cell cycle field and consists of 10 high quality papers, including four research articles and six scientific reviews: a great success. The four research articles focus on various important topics of the cell cycle using a broad range of model organisms, including yeast, sea urchins, green algae, and human cancer cell lines.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- microalgae --- Desmodesmus quadricauda --- cell cycle --- starch --- lipids --- polyphosphate --- guanine --- confocal Raman microscopy --- prenatal life --- perinatal life --- 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine --- cerebellar neuroepithelium --- external granular layer --- neurogenetic timetables --- neurogenetic gradients --- apoptosis --- M2 muscarinic receptor --- glioblastoma --- aberrant mitosis --- mitotic spindle --- Leishmania spp. --- leishmaniases --- telomeres --- telomerase --- growth factors --- receptor tyrosine kinases --- G1 phase --- S phase --- G2 phase --- M phase --- Ras/Erk --- PI3K/Akt --- vitelline layer --- fertilization --- sea urchin eggs --- plasticity --- Ca2+ signaling --- actin --- DTT --- TCEP --- BPA-C8-Cy3 --- electron microscopy --- Nud1 --- Cdc15 --- MEN --- mitotic exit --- Dbf2 --- Mob1 --- spindle position checkpoint --- HSF1 --- HSF2 --- cell cycle arrest --- APC/C complex --- CDK --- CTD phosphatase --- RNA polymerase II --- CTD code --- transcription --- LDIR --- hormesis --- cancer --- p21Waf1(CDKN1A) --- n/a --- 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine