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Energy storage is a key topic for research, industry, and business, which is gaining increasing interest. Any available energy-storage technology (batteries, fuel cells, flywheels, and so on) can cover a limited part of the power-energy plane and is characterized by some inherent drawback. Supercapacitors (also known as ultracapacitors, electrochemical capacitors, pseudocapacitors, or double-layer capacitors) feature exceptional capacitance values, creating new scenarios and opportunities in both research and industrial applications, partly because the related market is relatively recent. In practice, supercapacitors can offer a trade-off between the high specific energy of batteries and the high specific power of traditional capacitors. Developments in supercapacitor technology and supporting electronics, combined with reductions in costs, may revolutionize everything from large power systems to consumer electronics. The potential benefits of supercapacitors move from the progresses in the technological processes but can be effective by the availability of the proper tools for testing, modeling, diagnosis, sizing, management and technical-economic analyses. This book collects some of the latest developments in the field of supercapacitors, ranging from new materials to practical applications, such as energy storage, uninterruptible power supplies, smart grids, electrical vehicles, advanced transportation and renewable sources.

perovskite --- supercapacitors --- stability --- green supercapacitor --- water processable polymer --- pullulan --- ionic liquid --- electrospinning --- ultracapacitor --- equivalent circuit --- Fourier transform --- internal resistance --- hybrid energy storage system --- supercapacitor --- energy allocation --- energy storage --- wave energy --- dimensioning --- efficiency --- grid code --- renewable energies --- electric traction drives --- electrical vehicle --- microgrid --- renewable energy --- energy storage system --- EDLCs --- sustainable solvents --- non-aqueous electrolytes --- 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one

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Energy storage is a key topic for research, industry, and business, which is gaining increasing interest. Any available energy-storage technology (batteries, fuel cells, flywheels, and so on) can cover a limited part of the power-energy plane and is characterized by some inherent drawback. Supercapacitors (also known as ultracapacitors, electrochemical capacitors, pseudocapacitors, or double-layer capacitors) feature exceptional capacitance values, creating new scenarios and opportunities in both research and industrial applications, partly because the related market is relatively recent. In practice, supercapacitors can offer a trade-off between the high specific energy of batteries and the high specific power of traditional capacitors. Developments in supercapacitor technology and supporting electronics, combined with reductions in costs, may revolutionize everything from large power systems to consumer electronics. The potential benefits of supercapacitors move from the progresses in the technological processes but can be effective by the availability of the proper tools for testing, modeling, diagnosis, sizing, management and technical-economic analyses. This book collects some of the latest developments in the field of supercapacitors, ranging from new materials to practical applications, such as energy storage, uninterruptible power supplies, smart grids, electrical vehicles, advanced transportation and renewable sources.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- perovskite --- supercapacitors --- stability --- green supercapacitor --- water processable polymer --- pullulan --- ionic liquid --- electrospinning --- ultracapacitor --- equivalent circuit --- Fourier transform --- internal resistance --- hybrid energy storage system --- supercapacitor --- energy allocation --- energy storage --- wave energy --- dimensioning --- efficiency --- grid code --- renewable energies --- electric traction drives --- electrical vehicle --- microgrid --- renewable energy --- energy storage system --- EDLCs --- sustainable solvents --- non-aqueous electrolytes --- 5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one

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Electrochemical capacitors are being increasingly introduced in energy storage devices, for example, in automobiles, renewable energies, and mobile terminals. This book includes five high-quality papers that can lead to technological developments in electrochemical capacitors. The first paper describes the effect of the milling degree of activated carbon particles used in the electrodes on the supercapacitive performance of an electric double-layer capacitor. The second, fourth, and fifth papers describe novel electrode materials that have the potential to enhance the performance of next-generation electrochemical capacitors. Nickel molybdate/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite, copper-decorated carbon nanotubes, and nickel hydroxide/activated carbon composite are tested, and are shown to be promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical capacitors. The third paper reports the hybrid utilization of electrochemical capacitors with other types of energy devices (photovoltaics, fuel cells, and batteries) in a DC microgrid, which ensures wider applications of electrochemical capacitors in the near future. The knowledge and experience in this book are beneficial in manufacturing and utilizing electrochemical capacitors. Cutting-edge knowledge related to novel electrode nano-materials is also helpful to design next-generation electrochemical capacitors. This book delivers useful information to specialists involved in energy storage technologies.

CNT --- copper --- composite --- energy storage --- DC microgrid --- energy management --- hybrid power system --- energy efficiency --- nickel-cobalt hydroxide --- activated carbon --- hybrid capacitor prototype case study --- KOH aqueous electrolyte energy storage device --- coin-cell prototype --- electrochemical performance --- starch --- porous structure --- NiMoO4/3D-rGO nanocomposite --- NiMoO4 NPs --- ball milling --- electric double-layer capacitor --- supercapacitor --- electrode --- specific capacitance --- energy density --- power density

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Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from residues or by using advanced synthesis technologies like chemical vapor deposition. The carbon family is very broad, ranging from classical activated carbons to more advanced species such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. The surface chemistry is one of the most interesting aspects of this broad family of materials, which allows the incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities or heteroatoms on the carbon surface, such as O, N, B, S, or P, which can modify the acid–base character, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, or the electronic properties of these materials and, thus, determine the final application. This book represents a collection of original research articles and communications focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of heteroatom-doped functional carbon materials.

targeted adsorption --- graphene oxide --- bonding type --- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) --- doping --- catalysis --- porous carbon --- Cd(II) --- nitrogen-doped graphene oxide --- sp3-defect --- heteroatoms --- amino group --- nitrogen-doped --- energy storage --- cross-link bond type --- energy power density --- polyaniline --- environmental remediation --- molten salt --- adsorption --- polyphosphates --- microcrystalline cellulose --- carbo microsphere --- Orange G --- carbon materials --- chemical functionalization --- physicochemical properties --- supercapacitor capacitance --- nanoparticles and shallow reservoirs --- pulse laser deposition --- co-activation method --- carbon capture and storage process (CCS) --- biochar --- CO2 --- adsorption studies --- graphene --- polypyrrole --- oxygen peroxide oxidation --- carbon nanotubes --- salt and base --- nanofluids --- carbon gels --- bio-phenol resin --- synergism --- magnetic moment --- photocatalysis --- oxygen reduction reaction --- carbon dioxide --- surface chemistry --- functionalized graphene oxide --- nitrogen-doped carbon materials --- N–doped carbon --- p-phenylene diamine --- electrochemical analysis --- mesoporosity --- carbon dioxide adsorption --- electrode material --- nitrogen-doped graphene --- nitrogen and oxygen doped activated carbon --- electrocatalysis --- supercapacitor

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Electrochemical capacitors are being increasingly introduced in energy storage devices, for example, in automobiles, renewable energies, and mobile terminals. This book includes five high-quality papers that can lead to technological developments in electrochemical capacitors. The first paper describes the effect of the milling degree of activated carbon particles used in the electrodes on the supercapacitive performance of an electric double-layer capacitor. The second, fourth, and fifth papers describe novel electrode materials that have the potential to enhance the performance of next-generation electrochemical capacitors. Nickel molybdate/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite, copper-decorated carbon nanotubes, and nickel hydroxide/activated carbon composite are tested, and are shown to be promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical capacitors. The third paper reports the hybrid utilization of electrochemical capacitors with other types of energy devices (photovoltaics, fuel cells, and batteries) in a DC microgrid, which ensures wider applications of electrochemical capacitors in the near future. The knowledge and experience in this book are beneficial in manufacturing and utilizing electrochemical capacitors. Cutting-edge knowledge related to novel electrode nano-materials is also helpful to design next-generation electrochemical capacitors. This book delivers useful information to specialists involved in energy storage technologies.

History of engineering & technology --- CNT --- copper --- composite --- energy storage --- DC microgrid --- energy management --- hybrid power system --- energy efficiency --- nickel-cobalt hydroxide --- activated carbon --- hybrid capacitor prototype case study --- KOH aqueous electrolyte energy storage device --- coin-cell prototype --- electrochemical performance --- starch --- porous structure --- NiMoO4/3D-rGO nanocomposite --- NiMoO4 NPs --- ball milling --- electric double-layer capacitor --- supercapacitor --- electrode --- specific capacitance --- energy density --- power density --- CNT --- copper --- composite --- energy storage --- DC microgrid --- energy management --- hybrid power system --- energy efficiency --- nickel-cobalt hydroxide --- activated carbon --- hybrid capacitor prototype case study --- KOH aqueous electrolyte energy storage device --- coin-cell prototype --- electrochemical performance --- starch --- porous structure --- NiMoO4/3D-rGO nanocomposite --- NiMoO4 NPs --- ball milling --- electric double-layer capacitor --- supercapacitor --- electrode --- specific capacitance --- energy density --- power density