Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Proteins play an important role in human nutrition. At present, most of our protein requirement is covered by animal proteins. However, the production of animal proteins is associated with a high consumption of resources and land/sea, which contributes considerably to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, interest in the recovery of alternative proteins for food applications is greater than ever. Alternative proteins can be produced by plants, algae, fungi, and insects. So far, plant proteins such as wheat or soy protein preparations still dominate the market for alternative protein products, but more and more new proteins are entering the market. The quality of the proteins—particularly their functional, nutritional, and sensory properties—is influenced by the raw materials from which they are obtained and the extraction and isolation processes used. According to their functional properties (e.g., protein solubility, gelling, or emulsification properties), alternative protein preparations can be applied as substitutes for animal proteins or for the protein enrichment of food. The use of proteins in foods that are attractive to consumers is a challenge, especially if these proteins are to replace meat, milk, or egg products, since they need to mimic their texture, sensory properties, color, and taste. In addition to dealing with various technological challenges, the development of tailormade food products also requires knowledge of the driving forces and barriers between different consumer groups when using these products.

enzymatic hydrolysis --- fermentation --- lupin protein --- functional properties --- sensory profile --- lupin allergy --- lup an 1 --- plant protein --- secalin --- rye prolamin --- protein acylation --- capric acid --- emulsifying agent --- foaming agent --- atomic force microscope --- circular dichroism --- phytic acid --- green extraction --- soybean proteins --- soybean okara --- pea (Pisum sativum L.) --- spray-dry --- protein characterization --- pea allergens --- canola --- protein solubility --- dietary fiber --- starch gelatinization --- extrusion --- expansion --- biopolymers --- closed-cavity rheometer --- BSG --- fibre fortification --- glycaemic index --- bread dough quality --- gluten network --- nutritional value --- brewers’ spent grain --- barley protein --- by-product valorisation --- brewing waste --- food ingredient --- n/a --- brewers' spent grain

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Everybody has made use of grease in their daily lives. The word “grease” originates from the early Latin word “crassus,” meaning fat. For our purposes, in this Special Issue, we will be focusing on lubricating grease, for publication in the eponymous journal Lubricants. According to ASTM, lubricating grease may be defined as “a solid-to-semi-fluid product of dispersed thickening agents in a liquid lubricant”. Other functional ingredients, such anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, may be included, with the overall goal of inducing special properties/functionalities. Grease is a very complex lubricant. We have never had a Special Issue focusing on this key product, and lubricating greases are often underrepresented in the technical literature. In recent years, there has been significant progress in research on greases, ranging from the specific chemical formulation of greases for special applications to how grease interacts with various surfaces, tribological advances in grease properties, new techniques for grease property measurements, etc. Recently, greases have also been evolving, as they and play a key role in the lubrication of electric vehicles. We aim to select the top research avenues and papers worldwide related to lubricating greases to form this compilation. This Special Issue wishes to be the first of its kind, and we plan to make this an annual exercise, where our compendium aims to discuss the latest developments worldwide encompassing all areas related to greases.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- grease degradation --- contact angle --- yield stress --- shearing --- tribology properties --- grease consistency --- grease testing --- cone penetration --- rheometer testing --- grease --- tackiness --- adhesion --- four-ball tester --- heat dissipation --- speed ramp up --- ASTM D2596 --- grease weld load --- grease friction --- greases --- EVs --- hybrid vehicle --- driveline lubricant --- electrification --- thermal properties --- electromagnetic field --- noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) --- energy efficiency --- elastohydrodynamic lubrication --- isothermal --- non-Newtonian --- point contact --- grease lubrication --- Bauer's model --- pressure gradient --- equivalent viscosity --- hybrid bearings --- electric vehicles --- electric motors --- friction and wear --- bio-based grease --- film thickness --- friction measurements --- polyurea thickener --- PAO --- CNTs --- wear --- coefficient of friction --- tribological behavior --- fretting --- sliding --- lubricating grease --- heterogeneous crystallization --- glass transition --- rheology --- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) --- grease degradation --- contact angle --- yield stress --- shearing --- tribology properties --- grease consistency --- grease testing --- cone penetration --- rheometer testing --- grease --- tackiness --- adhesion --- four-ball tester --- heat dissipation --- speed ramp up --- ASTM D2596 --- grease weld load --- grease friction --- greases --- EVs --- hybrid vehicle --- driveline lubricant --- electrification --- thermal properties --- electromagnetic field --- noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) --- energy efficiency --- elastohydrodynamic lubrication --- isothermal --- non-Newtonian --- point contact --- grease lubrication --- Bauer's model --- pressure gradient --- equivalent viscosity --- hybrid bearings --- electric vehicles --- electric motors --- friction and wear --- bio-based grease --- film thickness --- friction measurements --- polyurea thickener --- PAO --- CNTs --- wear --- coefficient of friction --- tribological behavior --- fretting --- sliding --- lubricating grease --- heterogeneous crystallization --- glass transition --- rheology --- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Proteins play an important role in human nutrition. At present, most of our protein requirement is covered by animal proteins. However, the production of animal proteins is associated with a high consumption of resources and land/sea, which contributes considerably to greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, interest in the recovery of alternative proteins for food applications is greater than ever. Alternative proteins can be produced by plants, algae, fungi, and insects. So far, plant proteins such as wheat or soy protein preparations still dominate the market for alternative protein products, but more and more new proteins are entering the market. The quality of the proteins—particularly their functional, nutritional, and sensory properties—is influenced by the raw materials from which they are obtained and the extraction and isolation processes used. According to their functional properties (e.g., protein solubility, gelling, or emulsification properties), alternative protein preparations can be applied as substitutes for animal proteins or for the protein enrichment of food. The use of proteins in foods that are attractive to consumers is a challenge, especially if these proteins are to replace meat, milk, or egg products, since they need to mimic their texture, sensory properties, color, and taste. In addition to dealing with various technological challenges, the development of tailormade food products also requires knowledge of the driving forces and barriers between different consumer groups when using these products.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- fermentation --- lupin protein --- functional properties --- sensory profile --- lupin allergy --- lup an 1 --- plant protein --- secalin --- rye prolamin --- protein acylation --- capric acid --- emulsifying agent --- foaming agent --- atomic force microscope --- circular dichroism --- phytic acid --- green extraction --- soybean proteins --- soybean okara --- pea (Pisum sativum L.) --- spray-dry --- protein characterization --- pea allergens --- canola --- protein solubility --- dietary fiber --- starch gelatinization --- extrusion --- expansion --- biopolymers --- closed-cavity rheometer --- BSG --- fibre fortification --- glycaemic index --- bread dough quality --- gluten network --- nutritional value --- brewers' spent grain --- barley protein --- by-product valorisation --- brewing waste --- food ingredient --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- fermentation --- lupin protein --- functional properties --- sensory profile --- lupin allergy --- lup an 1 --- plant protein --- secalin --- rye prolamin --- protein acylation --- capric acid --- emulsifying agent --- foaming agent --- atomic force microscope --- circular dichroism --- phytic acid --- green extraction --- soybean proteins --- soybean okara --- pea (Pisum sativum L.) --- spray-dry --- protein characterization --- pea allergens --- canola --- protein solubility --- dietary fiber --- starch gelatinization --- extrusion --- expansion --- biopolymers --- closed-cavity rheometer --- BSG --- fibre fortification --- glycaemic index --- bread dough quality --- gluten network --- nutritional value --- brewers' spent grain --- barley protein --- by-product valorisation --- brewing waste --- food ingredient

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Semi-solid metal (SSM) processing, as a viable alternative manufacturing route to those of conventional casting and forging, has not yet been fully exploited despite nearly half a century since its introduction to the metal industry. The slow pace of adopting SSM routes may be due to various reasons, including capital costs, profit margins, and, most importantly, the lack of detailed analysis of various SSM processes in open literature to confidently establish their advantages over more conventional routes. Therefore, the SSM community must disseminate their findings more effectively to generate increased confidence in SSM processes in the eyes of our industrial leaders. As such, we have embarked on the task to invite the leaders in SSM research to share their findings in a Special Issue dedicated to semi-solid processing of metals and composites. SSM processing takes advantage of both forming and shaping characteristics usually employed for liquid and solid materials. In the absence of shear forces, the semi-solid metal has similar characteristics to solids, i.e., easily transferred and shaped; by applying a defined force, the viscosity is reduced and the material flows like a liquid. These unique dual characteristics have made SSM routes attractive alternatives to conventional casting on an industrial scale. With the intention of taking full advantage of SSM characteristics, it is crucial to understand SSM processing, including topics such as solidification and structural evolution, flow behavior through modelling and rheology, new processes and process control, alloy development, and properties in general. This Special Issue focuses on the recent research and findings in the field with the aim of filling the gap between industry and academia, and to shed light on some of the fundamentals of science and technology of semi-solid processing.

History of engineering & technology --- 7075 aluminum alloy --- thixoforming --- post-welding-heat treatment --- electron beam welding (EBW) --- nano-sized SiC particle --- wear rate --- friction coefficient --- rheoformed --- thixoformed --- semi-solid --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- wear --- corrosion --- Al–Si alloys --- rheocasting --- HPDC --- electrochemical evaluation --- rheological model --- semi-solid state --- Mg alloys --- high-temperature rheology --- rheological properties --- rheology --- semi-solid alloys --- thixotropy --- rheometer --- compression test --- viscosity --- semi-solid material --- A356 alloy --- electromagnetic stirring --- compression --- primary α-Al particle --- enclosed cooling slope channel --- ZCuSn10P1 --- microstructure refinement --- properties --- thixowelding --- thixojoining --- semisolid joining --- cold-work tool steel --- semisolid processing --- thixoformability --- Fe-rich Al-Si-Cu alloy --- 2024 aluminum matrix composites --- Al2O3 nanoparticles --- polarized light microscopy --- anodic etching --- EBSD --- grain --- globule --- Al-Si alloy --- semi-solid metal processing --- EMS --- thixocasting --- n/a --- Al-Si alloys

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Discontinuous fiber-reinforced polymers have gained importance in transportation industries due to their outstanding material properties, lower manufacturing costs and superior lightweight characteristics. One of the most attractive attributes of discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites is the ease with which they can be manufactured in large numbers, using injection and compression molding processes. The main aim of this Special Issue is to collect various investigations focused on the processing of discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites and the effect that processing has on fiber orientation, fiber length and fiber density distributions throughout the final product. Papers presenting investigations on the effect that fiber configurations have on the mechanical properties of the final composite products and materials were welcome in the Special Issue. Researchers who model and simulate processes involving discontinuous fiber composites as well as those performing experimental studies involving these composites were welcomed to submit papers. The authors were encouraged to present new models, constitutive laws, and measuring and monitoring techniques to provide a complete framework on these groundbreaking materials and to facilitate their use in different engineering applications.

Research & information: general --- fiber reinforced plastics --- long fiber reinforced thermoplastics (LFT) --- sliding plate rheometer --- fiber microstructure --- fiber orientation --- direct fiber simulation --- mechanistic model --- fiber reinforced thermoplastics --- modeling --- short fiber reinforcement --- process simulation --- smoothed particle hydrodynamics --- composite foams --- closed cells --- image processing --- finite element analysis --- polymer composites --- long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (LFTs) --- core region --- shell region --- fiber length distribution (FLD) --- selective laser sintering --- recoating --- PA6 --- polyamide --- glass --- fibres --- beads --- orientation --- recoating speed --- layer thickness --- energy density --- pARD-RSC --- short fiber reinforced --- mechanistic modelling --- Carbon nanotubes --- CNTs --- nanocomposites --- electrical resistivity --- conductivity --- electric fields --- computational modelling --- compression moulding --- moulding compounds --- optimisation --- wet laid --- isotropic --- tensile --- carbon fiber --- discontinuous --- recycling --- hybrid composites --- polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) --- thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer --- glass fibers --- long fiber reinforced plastics --- fiber breakage --- fiber length --- additive tooling --- additive manufacturing --- rapid tooling --- injection molding --- polypropylene --- long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics --- fiber concentration --- stereolithography --- carbon fiber recycling --- lightweight design --- long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics --- parameter-optimization --- injection molding compounding --- long fiber reinforced thermoplastics --- fiber orientation models --- calibration --- discontinuous fiber composites (DFC) --- compression molding --- sheet molding compound (SMC) --- carbon fiber sheet molding compound (CF-SMC) --- randomly oriented strands (ROS) --- computed tomography (CT) --- direct fiber simulation (DFS) --- prepreg platelet molding compound (PPMC) --- tow-based discontinuous composite (TBDC) --- plastics processing --- composites --- glass fiber --- sheet molding compound --- long fiber --- fiber content --- fiber reinforced plastics --- long fiber reinforced thermoplastics (LFT) --- sliding plate rheometer --- fiber microstructure --- fiber orientation --- direct fiber simulation --- mechanistic model --- fiber reinforced thermoplastics --- modeling --- short fiber reinforcement --- process simulation --- smoothed particle hydrodynamics --- composite foams --- closed cells --- image processing --- finite element analysis --- polymer composites --- long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (LFTs) --- core region --- shell region --- fiber length distribution (FLD) --- selective laser sintering --- recoating --- PA6 --- polyamide --- glass --- fibres --- beads --- orientation --- recoating speed --- layer thickness --- energy density --- pARD-RSC --- short fiber reinforced --- mechanistic modelling --- Carbon nanotubes --- CNTs --- nanocomposites --- electrical resistivity --- conductivity --- electric fields --- computational modelling --- compression moulding --- moulding compounds --- optimisation --- wet laid --- isotropic --- tensile --- carbon fiber --- discontinuous --- recycling --- hybrid composites --- polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) --- thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer --- glass fibers --- long fiber reinforced plastics --- fiber breakage --- fiber length --- additive tooling --- additive manufacturing --- rapid tooling --- injection molding --- polypropylene --- long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics --- fiber concentration --- stereolithography --- carbon fiber recycling --- lightweight design --- long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics --- parameter-optimization --- injection molding compounding --- long fiber reinforced thermoplastics --- fiber orientation models --- calibration --- discontinuous fiber composites (DFC) --- compression molding --- sheet molding compound (SMC) --- carbon fiber sheet molding compound (CF-SMC) --- randomly oriented strands (ROS) --- computed tomography (CT) --- direct fiber simulation (DFS) --- prepreg platelet molding compound (PPMC) --- tow-based discontinuous composite (TBDC) --- plastics processing --- composites --- glass fiber --- sheet molding compound --- long fiber --- fiber content