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Light alloys (aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys) are gaining increasing interest in the scientific and technological community in many different application fields, from automotive to medicine, thanks to their light weight coupled with interesting mechanical properties. The functional performances of light alloys can be significantly affected by their surface properties; in fact, the surface can be considered as the “visiting card” of the material for its working environment (e.g., it can drive the biological response upon implantation for titanium alloys intended for biomedical implants or it can affect the joining ability of aluminum and magnesium alloys) as well as for its further material working steps (e.g., coatings). Surface engineering is a versatile tool for the modification of material surfaces in order to tailor and improve their functional properties. The aim of the present Special Issue is to present the latest development in this field through research and review papers. In particular, the topics of interest include, but are not limited to, surface engineering of light alloys for biomedical applications, surface engineering of light alloys for joining and coatings applications, surface engineering of light alloys for corrosion protection, and surface engineering of light alloys for antibacterial/antifouling purposes.

Mg alloy --- corrosion protection --- hydrothermal synthesis --- coating --- degradable implant --- titanium --- gallic acid --- polyphenols --- surface functionalization --- metal implants --- aluminum alloys --- brazing --- surface preparation --- interface reactions --- joining --- microstructure --- phase/composition in reaction layer --- Ni–P coatings --- Ni3P phase --- Mg alloys --- AZ91 --- heat treatment --- microhardness --- crystallite size --- ion irradiation --- dislocation --- irradiation defect --- microcrystal --- antibacterial activity --- bone growth --- apatite formation --- silver --- strontium --- calcium titanate --- ion release --- cytotoxicity --- controlled release --- biodegradable magnesium --- dopamine --- Impedance behavior --- molecular dynamic simulation --- aluminum oxide layers --- nanostructure --- tribological wear --- surface morphology --- thermo-chemical treatment --- artificial saliva --- lubricant --- zirconia --- titanium alloys --- wear --- n/a --- Ni-P coatings

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Additive manufacturing is already actively used in various high-tech industries today. At the same time, there is a certain limitation and imperfection of known and widely used conventional materials when they are used in additive manufacturing. In this regard, extensive research and development are aimed at the advancements of new materials by adjusting the chemical compositions of conventional alloys, new equipment with expanded functionality and the ability to work with a wide range of materials that were previously not available for additive manufacturing. This Special Issue covers a wide scope of additive manufacturing processes, comprising investigation, characterization of materials and their properties, development and application of new materials, structures designed for additive manufacturing, as well as processes and techniques that will expand the potential applications of layer-by-layer synthesis.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- additive manufacturing --- binder jetting --- silicon carbide --- spray drying --- pyrolysis --- n/a --- direct laser deposition (DLD) --- direct metal deposition --- additive manufacturing (AM) --- corrosion resistant steel --- heat treatment (HT) --- maraging steel --- microstructure --- mechanical characteristics --- selective laser melting --- titanium alloy --- mechanical alloying --- powder bed fusion --- nitinol --- direct laser deposition --- heat transfer --- mass transfer --- hydrodynamics --- simulation of the melt pool --- alloys --- Ti-6Al-4V --- direct energy deposition --- thermal history --- annealing --- phase composition --- tensile properties --- tungsten carbides --- cobalt --- nanopowder --- synthesis --- granulation --- spheroidization --- DC thermal plasma --- lead-free piezoceramic --- barium titanate --- sintering --- piezoelectric properties --- titanium alloys --- multimaterial 3D printing --- graded materials --- mechanical properties --- stress relaxation --- elevated temperatures --- pure tungsten --- selective electron beam melting (SEBM) --- porosity --- soft-magnetic alloy --- FeSiB --- magnetic properties

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Thermal spray technology has been widely adopted industrially to combat diverse forms of surface degradation caused by wear, corrosion, oxidation, high thermal load, etc. Nonetheless, improvements in coating quality are incessantly sought to further enhance durability and/or performance of components operating in increasingly aggressive environments. This has led to technology advancements on various fronts, spanning feedstock materials, process variants, torch designs, coating architectures, etc. These have also been complemented by developments in closely allied areas to accommodate novel substrate materials, explore post-treatments, investigate coating behaviour under varied harsh conditions and harness benefits of artificial intelligence/neural networking. All of the above, along with efforts to improve diagnostic tools and create reliable control systems, have been driven by the desire to achieve robust shop-floor thermal spray capabilities to consolidate existing applications and spur new ones. This book is a compilation of twelve exciting contributions made for the Special Issue on “Advances in Thermal Spray Technology”, and showcases some of the above developments that are currently attracting interest in the field.

History of engineering & technology --- carbon/carbon (C/C) composites --- ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) --- vacuum plasma spray (VPS) --- ablation resistance --- thermal spraying --- high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) --- S-phase --- expanded austenite --- 316L --- stainless steel --- thermochemical treatment --- hardening --- gas nitriding --- axial feeding --- hybrid plasma spray coating --- bovine serum solution --- sliding wear --- indentation --- double-layered TBC --- gadolinium zirconate --- suspension plasma spray --- thermal cyclic fatigue --- burner rig test --- yttria stabilized zirconia --- titanium carbide --- chromium carbide --- wear --- cold spray --- neural network --- additive manufacturing --- model --- spray angle --- profile --- amorphous --- nanocrystalline --- wear resistant --- Vickers microhardness --- plasma spraying --- high-velocity suspension flame spraying --- copper --- silver --- NiCr 80/20 --- metal coatings --- polymer coatings --- flame spraying --- icephobicity --- ice adhesion --- wettability --- coating design --- corrosion-wear performance --- dense structure --- corrosion potential --- corrosion rate --- worn surface --- HVOF --- hardmetal --- dynamic impact test --- impact wear --- Al2O3-TiO2 system --- APS --- suspension spraying --- microstructure --- morphology --- phase composition --- n/a

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Investigation of the effect of casting and crystallization on the structure and properties of the resulting light alloys and, in particular, research connected with detailed analysis of the microstructure of light alloys obtained using various external influences of ultrasonic, vibration, magnetic, and mechanical processing on the casting and crystallization are discussed. Research on the study of introduction of additives (modifiers, reinforcers, including nanosized ones, etc.) into the melt during the crystallization process, the technological properties of casting (fluidity, segregation, shrinkage, etc.), the structure and physicomechanical properties of light alloys are also included.

aluminum alloy --- titanium diboride --- master alloy --- structure --- mechanical properties --- aluminum --- alumina nanoparticles --- microstructure --- elastic limit --- strength --- Al/SiC composite --- porosity in composites --- finite element analysis --- Al–Mg–Si --- α-Al8(Fe2Mn)Si particles --- solution treatment --- ageing --- dissolution of Fe --- Differential Scanning Calorimetry --- casting speed --- solidification --- Ohno continuous casting --- gravity casting --- dendritic spacing --- composite materials --- hypereutectic aluminum alloys --- Al-Zn-Mg alloys --- rapid solidification --- eutectic --- CALPHAD --- intermetallics --- precipitation hardening --- aluminum-zirconium wire alloys --- electromagnetic casting --- drawing --- electrical conductivity --- phase composition --- nanoparticles --- friction stir processing --- aluminum alloys --- copper alloys --- titanium alloys --- magnesium alloys --- subsurface gradient structures --- surface modification --- hardening with reinforcing particles --- hybrid in situ surfaces --- friction stir welding --- grade 2 titanium alloy --- ZhS6U Ni-based superalloy --- welding tool --- tool wear --- structure formation --- adhesion --- metal transfer --- in-situ friction stir process --- Al-Cu metallomatrix composite --- intermetallic compounds --- diffusion-controlled reactions --- Al-Cu eutectics --- intermetallides --- hydrides --- TiAl system --- n/a --- Al-Mg-Si

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Investigation of the effect of casting and crystallization on the structure and properties of the resulting light alloys and, in particular, research connected with detailed analysis of the microstructure of light alloys obtained using various external influences of ultrasonic, vibration, magnetic, and mechanical processing on the casting and crystallization are discussed. Research on the study of introduction of additives (modifiers, reinforcers, including nanosized ones, etc.) into the melt during the crystallization process, the technological properties of casting (fluidity, segregation, shrinkage, etc.), the structure and physicomechanical properties of light alloys are also included.

History of engineering & technology --- aluminum alloy --- titanium diboride --- master alloy --- structure --- mechanical properties --- aluminum --- alumina nanoparticles --- microstructure --- elastic limit --- strength --- Al/SiC composite --- porosity in composites --- finite element analysis --- Al-Mg-Si --- α-Al8(Fe2Mn)Si particles --- solution treatment --- ageing --- dissolution of Fe --- Differential Scanning Calorimetry --- casting speed --- solidification --- Ohno continuous casting --- gravity casting --- dendritic spacing --- composite materials --- hypereutectic aluminum alloys --- Al-Zn-Mg alloys --- rapid solidification --- eutectic --- CALPHAD --- intermetallics --- precipitation hardening --- aluminum-zirconium wire alloys --- electromagnetic casting --- drawing --- electrical conductivity --- phase composition --- nanoparticles --- friction stir processing --- aluminum alloys --- copper alloys --- titanium alloys --- magnesium alloys --- subsurface gradient structures --- surface modification --- hardening with reinforcing particles --- hybrid in situ surfaces --- friction stir welding --- grade 2 titanium alloy --- ZhS6U Ni-based superalloy --- welding tool --- tool wear --- structure formation --- adhesion --- metal transfer --- in-situ friction stir process --- Al-Cu metallomatrix composite --- intermetallic compounds --- diffusion-controlled reactions --- Al-Cu eutectics --- intermetallides --- hydrides --- TiAl system --- aluminum alloy --- titanium diboride --- master alloy --- structure --- mechanical properties --- aluminum --- alumina nanoparticles --- microstructure --- elastic limit --- strength --- Al/SiC composite --- porosity in composites --- finite element analysis --- Al-Mg-Si --- α-Al8(Fe2Mn)Si particles --- solution treatment --- ageing --- dissolution of Fe --- Differential Scanning Calorimetry --- casting speed --- solidification --- Ohno continuous casting --- gravity casting --- dendritic spacing --- composite materials --- hypereutectic aluminum alloys --- Al-Zn-Mg alloys --- rapid solidification --- eutectic --- CALPHAD --- intermetallics --- precipitation hardening --- aluminum-zirconium wire alloys --- electromagnetic casting --- drawing --- electrical conductivity --- phase composition --- nanoparticles --- friction stir processing --- aluminum alloys --- copper alloys --- titanium alloys --- magnesium alloys --- subsurface gradient structures --- surface modification --- hardening with reinforcing particles --- hybrid in situ surfaces --- friction stir welding --- grade 2 titanium alloy --- ZhS6U Ni-based superalloy --- welding tool --- tool wear --- structure formation --- adhesion --- metal transfer --- in-situ friction stir process --- Al-Cu metallomatrix composite --- intermetallic compounds --- diffusion-controlled reactions --- Al-Cu eutectics --- intermetallides --- hydrides --- TiAl system