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The use of composite materials in the design process allows one to tailer a component’s mechanical properties, thus reducing its overall weight. On the one hand, the possible combinations of matrices, reinforcements, and technologies provides more options to the designer. On the other hand, it increases the fields that need to be investigated in order to obtain all the information requested for a safe design. This Applied Sciences Special Issue, “Composite Materials in Design Processes”, collects recent advances in the design methods for components made of composites and composite material properties at a laminate level or using a multi-scale approach.

Technology: general issues --- laser etching --- water jet --- polycrystalline silicon --- orthogonal test --- physical conditions --- electrodeposition --- SiC whisker --- texture --- morphology --- self-healing --- epoxy resin --- microcapsule --- insulating composite --- breakdown strength --- physical damage --- electrical tree --- analytical model --- fabrics --- weave pattern --- shear deformation --- tension-shear coupling --- RTM --- composites --- FEM simulation --- permeability characterization --- design optimization --- solar vehicles --- photovoltaic roof --- lightweight structures --- carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) --- natural frequencies --- stiffness --- heat exchange --- Ansys ACP --- constructal design --- resin flow --- porous media --- numerical simulation --- filling time --- composite ship --- composite structure --- glass fiber content --- void volume --- burn-off test --- calcination test --- composite laminates --- nanofibers --- fracture --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- polysulfone --- CFRP laminate --- thin composite panel --- viscoelastic material --- vibration response --- damping --- experimental modal analysis --- slamming --- damage --- viscoelastic layer --- prepreg --- OoA --- laser etching --- water jet --- polycrystalline silicon --- orthogonal test --- physical conditions --- electrodeposition --- SiC whisker --- texture --- morphology --- self-healing --- epoxy resin --- microcapsule --- insulating composite --- breakdown strength --- physical damage --- electrical tree --- analytical model --- fabrics --- weave pattern --- shear deformation --- tension-shear coupling --- RTM --- composites --- FEM simulation --- permeability characterization --- design optimization --- solar vehicles --- photovoltaic roof --- lightweight structures --- carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) --- natural frequencies --- stiffness --- heat exchange --- Ansys ACP --- constructal design --- resin flow --- porous media --- numerical simulation --- filling time --- composite ship --- composite structure --- glass fiber content --- void volume --- burn-off test --- calcination test --- composite laminates --- nanofibers --- fracture --- polyvinylidene fluoride --- polysulfone --- CFRP laminate --- thin composite panel --- viscoelastic material --- vibration response --- damping --- experimental modal analysis --- slamming --- damage --- viscoelastic layer --- prepreg --- OoA

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This book focuses on some fundamental issues of polymers’ natural degradation. It is mostly devoted to the different aspects of biodegradation, but some data on the action of water, oxygen, ozone, and UV/Vis light is also included. The consideration of the biodegradation in vivo as the superposition of decay and synthesis provides the opportunity for a fresh look at well-known processes.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- gelatin methacryloyl --- osteoinduction --- tannic acid --- crosslinking --- hydrogel --- biodegradable --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- chitosan --- electrospinning --- thermal oxidation --- biodegradation --- Sturm’s method --- biodegradation rates --- arterial hypertension --- vertebral cartilage --- rhomboid fossa --- anaerobic digestion --- biosorbent --- biostimulant --- magnetite --- nanoparticles --- kinetic model --- polyvinyl chloride (PVC) --- pyrolysis --- thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) --- kinetics --- thermodynamics --- artificial neural networks (ANN) --- mechanochemical method --- recycled polyurethane foam --- orthogonal test --- tensile strength --- thermal conductivity --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- deep eutectic solvents --- polyethylene terephthalate --- Box-Behnken design --- microwave depolymerization --- biodegradable polyester --- ultrafine electrospun fibers --- tetraphenylporphyrin --- metalloporphyrin complexes --- Fe(III) --- Sn(IV) --- X-ray diffraction --- DSC --- spin probe EPR method --- SEM --- biopolymeric nanoparticles --- synthesis --- applications --- medicine --- agriculture --- mechanical recycling --- closed-loop --- polyolefins --- circular testing --- polymer degradation --- epoxy resin --- composite material --- hygrothermal ageing --- water diffusion --- Fick model deviation --- statistical analysis --- box plot --- PCA --- titanium silicon oxide --- hydrolytic degradation --- titania --- silica --- antimicrobial activity --- photocatalytic degradation --- n/a --- Sturm's method

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Wood composites have shown very good performance and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. The selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment, or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, “Advances in Wood Composites II”, presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials. Such enhancements and refinements have made wood composites a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, this Special Issue reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, as a collection of 14 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent advances in wood composites.

History of engineering & technology --- EPDM rubber --- wood sawdust --- electron beam irradiation --- dibenzoyl peroxide --- cross-liking --- physico-chemical characteristics --- feather protein --- wood preservatives --- nano-carrier --- treatability --- decay resistance --- short-rotation --- aspen --- willow --- injection molding --- biocomposite --- tensile strength --- bending strength --- microstructure behavior --- viscoelasticity --- WPC --- HDPE --- composite --- wood --- creep --- thermoplastic --- flexure --- power law --- modeling --- fire retardants --- fire retardancy --- graphene --- nano-materials --- wollastonite --- black locust wood --- ammonia treated wood --- colour change --- dynamic mechanical analysis --- birch plywood --- veneer-drying temperature --- formaldehyde emission --- modulus of elasticity --- bonding strength --- thickness swelling --- water absorption --- transparent wood --- orthogonal test --- partial delignification --- light transmittance --- morphological structure --- sorption behavior --- sorption fitting model --- compositional analysis --- hydroxyl accessibility --- engineering materials --- composite panels --- chicken feather --- cell-wall polymers --- thermal conductivity coefficient --- natural materials --- spruce and larch bark --- sound absorption coefficient --- impedance tube --- biomass --- up-cycling --- plywood --- densification --- core layer temperature --- bonding quality --- hot pressing --- veneer stack heating --- wood composites --- wood composite binders --- synthetic wood adhesives --- biosourced wood adhesives --- environment-friendly --- new approaches --- n/a

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The ongoing digitalization of the energy sector, which will make a large amount of data available, should not be viewed as a passive ICT application for energy technology or a threat to thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, in the light of the competition triggered by data mining and machine learning techniques. These new technologies must be posed on solid bases for the representation of energy systems and fluid machinery. Therefore, mathematical modelling is still relevant and its importance cannot be underestimated. The aim of this Special Issue was to collect contributions about mathematical modelling of energy systems and fluid machinery in order to build and consolidate the base of this knowledge.

Technology: general issues --- centrifugal pump --- double hidden layer --- Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm --- performance prediction --- thermal energy storage --- stratification --- dynamic simulation --- heating --- double-channel sewage pump --- critical wall roughness --- numerical calculation --- external characteristics --- axial-flow pump --- impeller --- approximation model --- optimization design --- multi-disciplinary --- blade slot --- orthogonal test --- numerical simulation --- Francis turbine --- anti-cavity fins --- draft tube --- vortex rope --- low flow rates --- internal flow characteristics --- unsteady pressure --- energy recovery --- turboexpander --- throttling valves --- CFD --- modelling techniques --- Kaplan turbine --- draft tube optimization --- CFD analysis --- DOE --- response surface --- single-channel pump --- CFD-DEM coupling method --- particle features and behaviors --- solid-liquid two-phase flows --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- subcooled boiling flows --- uncertainty quantification (UQ) --- Monte Carlo dropout --- deep ensemble --- deep neural network (DNN) --- intake structures --- physical hydraulic model --- free surface flow --- free surface vortices --- vertical pump --- design considerations --- magnetocaloric effect --- coefficient of performance --- refrigeration --- capacity --- mathematical modelling --- energy systems

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Fluid interfaces are promising candidates for confining different types of materials - e.g., polymers, surfactants, colloids, and even small molecules - and for designing new functional materials with reduced dimensionality. The development of such materials requires a deepening of the Physico-chemical bases underlying the formation of layers at fluid interfaces, as well as on the characterization of their structures and properties. This is of particular importance because the constraints associated with the assembly of materials at the interface lead to the emergence of equilibrium and dynamics features in the interfacial systems, which are far from those conventionally found in the traditional materials. This Special Issue is devoted to studies on fundamental and applied aspects of fluid interfaces, trying to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current status of the research field.

thermal radiations --- magnetic field --- Carreau fluid --- stretching/shrinking surface --- Hall effect --- nonlinear radiations --- HAM --- desulfurization wastewater evaporation technology --- evaporation performance --- orthogonal test --- simulation --- spray coating --- coating film formation --- leveling of coating surface --- fluorescence method --- visualization --- ferromagnetic --- nanofluid --- bioconvection --- porous medium --- heat suction/injection --- magnetic dipole --- liquid-infused surfaces --- durability --- lubricants --- wetting --- liquid-repellent coatings --- annealed Co40Fe40W20 thin films --- magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- contact angle --- surface energy --- nanomechanical properties --- Prandtl nanofluid flow --- convectively heated surface --- stochastic intelligent technique --- Levenberg Marquardt method --- backpropagated network --- artificial neural network --- Adam numerical solver --- surface hydrophilicity --- graphene --- ice formation --- clearance --- molecular dynamic simulation --- dynamics --- fluid interfaces --- inhalation --- lung surfactant --- nanoparticles --- pollutants --- rheology --- emulsion --- droplet size --- microscopy-assisted --- image analysis --- laser diffraction --- turbidity --- viscosity --- Ree-Eyring nanofluid --- viscous dissipation --- Cattaneo-Christov model --- Koo-Kleinstreuer model --- chemical reaction --- heat transfer --- stretching cylinder --- nonlinear radiation --- Powell–Eyring --- Darcy–Forchheimer --- n/a --- Powell-Eyring --- Darcy-Forchheimer