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This work covers all aspects related to the obtainment, production, design, and processing of biopolymers obtained from natural resources. Moreover, it studies characteristics related to the improvement of their performance to increase their potential application at an industrial level, in line with the concept of a global circular economy. Thus, this work firstly classifies biopolymers obtained from natural resources (e.g., biobased building blocks and biopolymers extracted directly from plants and biomass), and then summarizes several cutting-edge research works focused on enhancing the performance of biopolymers from natural resources to extend their application in the industrial sector, and contribute to the transition to more sustainable plastics.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- PHBH --- almond shell flour --- mechanical properties --- thermal characterization --- WPCs --- bacterial polyesters --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)—PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)—PCL --- binary blends --- improved toughness --- mechanical and thermal characterization --- Cucumis metuliferus --- extraction --- antioxidant activity --- coating --- cellulose acetate --- LDPE --- bilayer packaging --- active packaging --- poly(lactic acid) --- mechanical recycling --- yerba mate --- bionanocomposites --- polysulfide-derived polymers --- cottonseed oil --- fatty acid of cottonseed oil --- sodium soap of cottonseed oil --- PLA --- nanocomposites --- functional properties --- thymol --- migration --- films --- cutin --- cuticles --- bioplastics --- biopolymers --- solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR --- softgels --- mucilage --- in vitro digestion --- bioaccessibility --- bran content --- plasticized wheat flour --- citric acid --- biobased blends --- biopolymer --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- solid polymer electrolyte --- ionic transport --- chitosan --- potato starch --- microwave --- foam --- orthogonal experiments --- empty fruit bunch --- regenerated cellulose --- ionic liquid --- methyl methacrylate --- 3D printing --- syringe extrusion 3D printing --- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose --- orodispersible film --- phenytoin --- PA610 --- halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) --- flame retardant --- cone calorimeter --- agricultural waste --- asparagus --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- DS --- cellulose extraction --- thermoplastic starch --- dolomite --- biocomposite --- sonication --- bacterial cellulose --- nata de coco --- sodium hydroxide --- lignin --- nanoparticles --- biorefinery --- organosolv pretreatment --- polyelectrolyte multi-layers --- sodium alginate --- k-carrageenan --- cellulosic nonwoven textile --- surface functionalization --- characterization --- bio-sorption --- isotherms --- natural fibers --- soy protein --- chitin --- coir --- comfort --- functional textiles --- Circular Bioeconomy --- carbonation reaction --- selectivity optimization --- carbonated epoxidized linseed oil --- non-isocyanate polyurethane --- argan shell particles --- wood plastic composite --- polyethylene --- compatibilization --- air permeability --- fungal fibers --- hemp fibers --- microstructure --- mycocel --- softwood fibers --- virus membrane filtration --- allotropic transition --- choline chloride --- plasticizer --- starch dissolution --- n/a --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)-PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)-PCL

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• Reference Manager
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This work covers all aspects related to the obtainment, production, design, and processing of biopolymers obtained from natural resources. Moreover, it studies characteristics related to the improvement of their performance to increase their potential application at an industrial level, in line with the concept of a global circular economy. Thus, this work firstly classifies biopolymers obtained from natural resources (e.g., biobased building blocks and biopolymers extracted directly from plants and biomass), and then summarizes several cutting-edge research works focused on enhancing the performance of biopolymers from natural resources to extend their application in the industrial sector, and contribute to the transition to more sustainable plastics.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- PHBH --- almond shell flour --- mechanical properties --- thermal characterization --- WPCs --- bacterial polyesters --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)-PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)-PCL --- binary blends --- improved toughness --- mechanical and thermal characterization --- Cucumis metuliferus --- extraction --- antioxidant activity --- coating --- cellulose acetate --- LDPE --- bilayer packaging --- active packaging --- poly(lactic acid) --- mechanical recycling --- yerba mate --- bionanocomposites --- polysulfide-derived polymers --- cottonseed oil --- fatty acid of cottonseed oil --- sodium soap of cottonseed oil --- PLA --- nanocomposites --- functional properties --- thymol --- migration --- films --- cutin --- cuticles --- bioplastics --- biopolymers --- solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR --- softgels --- mucilage --- in vitro digestion --- bioaccessibility --- bran content --- plasticized wheat flour --- citric acid --- biobased blends --- biopolymer --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- solid polymer electrolyte --- ionic transport --- chitosan --- potato starch --- microwave --- foam --- orthogonal experiments --- empty fruit bunch --- regenerated cellulose --- ionic liquid --- methyl methacrylate --- 3D printing --- syringe extrusion 3D printing --- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose --- orodispersible film --- phenytoin --- PA610 --- halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) --- flame retardant --- cone calorimeter --- agricultural waste --- asparagus --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- DS --- cellulose extraction --- thermoplastic starch --- dolomite --- biocomposite --- sonication --- bacterial cellulose --- nata de coco --- sodium hydroxide --- lignin --- nanoparticles --- biorefinery --- organosolv pretreatment --- polyelectrolyte multi-layers --- sodium alginate --- k-carrageenan --- cellulosic nonwoven textile --- surface functionalization --- characterization --- bio-sorption --- isotherms --- natural fibers --- soy protein --- chitin --- coir --- comfort --- functional textiles --- Circular Bioeconomy --- carbonation reaction --- selectivity optimization --- carbonated epoxidized linseed oil --- non-isocyanate polyurethane --- argan shell particles --- wood plastic composite --- polyethylene --- compatibilization --- air permeability --- fungal fibers --- hemp fibers --- microstructure --- mycocel --- softwood fibers --- virus membrane filtration --- allotropic transition --- choline chloride --- plasticizer --- starch dissolution --- PHBH --- almond shell flour --- mechanical properties --- thermal characterization --- WPCs --- bacterial polyesters --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)-PHBH --- poly(ε-caprolactone)-PCL --- binary blends --- improved toughness --- mechanical and thermal characterization --- Cucumis metuliferus --- extraction --- antioxidant activity --- coating --- cellulose acetate --- LDPE --- bilayer packaging --- active packaging --- poly(lactic acid) --- mechanical recycling --- yerba mate --- bionanocomposites --- polysulfide-derived polymers --- cottonseed oil --- fatty acid of cottonseed oil --- sodium soap of cottonseed oil --- PLA --- nanocomposites --- functional properties --- thymol --- migration --- films --- cutin --- cuticles --- bioplastics --- biopolymers --- solanum: CPMAS 13C NMR --- softgels --- mucilage --- in vitro digestion --- bioaccessibility --- bran content --- plasticized wheat flour --- citric acid --- biobased blends --- biopolymer --- carboxymethyl cellulose --- solid polymer electrolyte --- ionic transport --- chitosan --- potato starch --- microwave --- foam --- orthogonal experiments --- empty fruit bunch --- regenerated cellulose --- ionic liquid --- methyl methacrylate --- 3D printing --- syringe extrusion 3D printing --- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose --- orodispersible film --- phenytoin --- PA610 --- halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) --- flame retardant --- cone calorimeter --- agricultural waste --- asparagus --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- DS --- cellulose extraction --- thermoplastic starch --- dolomite --- biocomposite --- sonication --- bacterial cellulose --- nata de coco --- sodium hydroxide --- lignin --- nanoparticles --- biorefinery --- organosolv pretreatment --- polyelectrolyte multi-layers --- sodium alginate --- k-carrageenan --- cellulosic nonwoven textile --- surface functionalization --- characterization --- bio-sorption --- isotherms --- natural fibers --- soy protein --- chitin --- coir --- comfort --- functional textiles --- Circular Bioeconomy --- carbonation reaction --- selectivity optimization --- carbonated epoxidized linseed oil --- non-isocyanate polyurethane --- argan shell particles --- wood plastic composite --- polyethylene --- compatibilization --- air permeability --- fungal fibers --- hemp fibers --- microstructure --- mycocel --- softwood fibers --- virus membrane filtration --- allotropic transition --- choline chloride --- plasticizer --- starch dissolution

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The 3D printing (3DP) process was patented in 1986; however, only in the last decade has it begun to be used for medical applications, as well as in the fields of prosthetics, bio-fabrication, and pharmaceutical printing. 3DP or additive manufacturing (AM) is a family of technologies that implement layer-by-layer processes in order to fabricate physical models based on a computer aided design (CAD) model. 3D printing permits the fabrication of high degrees of complexity with great reproducibility in a fast and cost-effective fashion. 3DP technology offers a new paradigm for the direct manufacture of individual dosage forms and has the potential to allow for variations in size and geometry as well as control dose and release behavior. Furthermore, the low cost and ease of use of 3DP systems means that the possibility of manufacturing medicines and medical devices at the point of dispensing or at the point of use could become a reality. 3DP thus offers the perfect innovative manufacturing route to address the critical capability gap that hinders the widespread exploitation of personalized medicines for molecules that are currently not easy to deliver. This Special Issue will address new developments in the area of 3D printing and bioprinting for drug delivery applications, covering the recent advantages and future directions of additive manufacturing for pharmaceutical products.

digital pharmacy --- fused deposition modeling 3D printing --- modified drug release --- personalized medicines --- telemedicine --- three dimensional printing --- additive manufacturing --- 3D printed drug products --- printlets --- personalised medicines --- personalized pharmaceuticals --- multiple units --- spheroids --- beads --- acetaminophen --- 3D printing --- fused filament fabrication --- lignin --- antioxidant materials --- wound dressing --- modified release --- filament extrusion --- fused layer modeling --- theophylline --- high API load --- three-dimensional printing --- fixed-dose combinations --- tablets --- multiple-layer dosage forms --- stereolithography --- vat polymerisation --- fused deposition modeling --- polylactic acid --- chemical modification --- MTT assay --- biofilm formation --- warfarin --- semisolid extrusion 3D printing --- inkjet printing --- orodispersible film --- oral powder --- pediatric --- hospital pharmacy --- personalized medicine --- on-demand manufacturing --- drug delivery --- micromedicine --- drug development --- micro-swimmer --- micro-implant --- oral dosages --- microneedle --- high-precision targeting --- controlled release --- geometry --- resolution --- feature size --- release profile --- vascularization --- digital light processing technology --- neural networks --- optimization --- prediction --- FMD --- pregabalin --- gastric floating --- complex structures --- patient-specific --- structural design --- gums --- Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing --- processing parameters --- pharmaceutical quality control --- hot-melt extrusion --- solid dosage forms --- 3D printed oral dosage forms --- sustained drug release tablets --- photopolymerization --- paracetamol (acetaminophen) --- aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) --- amorphous solid dispersion --- poor solubility --- fixed dose combination --- stencil printing --- pharmacoprinting --- orodispersible discs --- orodisperible films --- floating systems --- pulsatile release --- chronotherapeutic delivery --- wound-healing --- 3D bio-printing --- pectin --- propolis --- cyclodextrin --- 3D bio-inks --- fused deposition modelling --- extrusion --- vaginal meshes --- mechanical properties --- drug release --- anti-infective devices --- pelvic organ prolapse --- stress urinary incontinence --- gastro-retentive floating system --- dissolution kinetics --- implantable devices --- subcutaneous --- biodegradable --- prolonged drug delivery --- polymers --- pharmaceuticals --- extrusion-based 3D printing --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM) --- materials --- process --- 3D bioprinting --- polymeric ink --- pseudo-bone --- implantable scaffold --- computer-aided design (CAD) design --- bioprinting --- computer-aided design (CAD) --- pharmaceutics