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This paper reviews the existing literature on the impact of migrants networks on the patterns of international migration. It covers the theoretical channels at stake in the global effect of the networks. It identifies the key issues, namely the impact on size, selection and concentration of the migration flows. The paper also reviews the empirical hurdles that the researchers face in assessing the importance of networks. The key issues concern the choice of micro vs a macro approach, the definition of a network, the access to suitable data and the adoption of econometric methods accounting for the main features of those data. Finally, the paper reports a set of estimation outcomes reflecting the main findings of the macro approach.

Anthropology --- Econometric Methods --- Global Effect --- Human Migrations & Resettlements --- International Economics & Trade --- International Migration --- Migrants Networks --- Migration Flows --- Population Policies --- Social Development --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

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Since 1990 migration flows from Albania have been massive, relative to the size of the country and its population, but they have also fluctuated over time. This paper presents and discusses various descriptive trends, mainly in graphical form. The data come from the Albanian Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2005 round, and cover the period 1990-2004. The resulting observed trends reflect changing push and pull factors in Albania and the two main host countries, Greece and Italy. The paper also presents a hazard approach to modeling Albanian emigration and return migration. This analysis highlights, among other things, the relevance of networks in Albanian migration dynamics, both to promote emigration and to delay return.

Anthropology --- Communities and Human Settlements --- Culture and Development --- External migration --- Family members --- Foreign direct investment --- Host countries --- Human Migrations and Resettlements --- Impact of migration --- Living standards --- Market economy --- Migration --- Migration flows --- Migration policies --- Policy dialogue --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Population --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Pull factors --- Remittance --- Remittances --- Return migration --- Social Development --- Television --- Unemployment --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

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Since 1990 migration flows from Albania have been massive, relative to the size of the country and its population, but they have also fluctuated over time. This paper presents and discusses various descriptive trends, mainly in graphical form. The data come from the Albanian Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2005 round, and cover the period 1990-2004. The resulting observed trends reflect changing push and pull factors in Albania and the two main host countries, Greece and Italy. The paper also presents a hazard approach to modeling Albanian emigration and return migration. This analysis highlights, among other things, the relevance of networks in Albanian migration dynamics, both to promote emigration and to delay return.

Anthropology --- Communities and Human Settlements --- Culture and Development --- External migration --- Family members --- Foreign direct investment --- Host countries --- Human Migrations and Resettlements --- Impact of migration --- Living standards --- Market economy --- Migration --- Migration flows --- Migration policies --- Policy dialogue --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Population --- Population Policies --- Progress --- Pull factors --- Remittance --- Remittances --- Return migration --- Social Development --- Television --- Unemployment --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement

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Why do Mexicans migrate to the United States? Is there a typical Mexican migrant? Beginning in the 1970s, survey data indicated that the average migrant was a young, unmarried man who was poor, undereducated, and in search of better employment opportunities. This is the general view that most Americans still hold of immigrants from Mexico. On the Move argues that not only does this view of Mexican migrants reinforce the stereotype of their undesirability, but it also fails to capture the true diversity of migrants from Mexico and their evolving migration patterns over time.Using survey data from over 145,000 Mexicans and in-depth interviews with nearly 140 Mexicans, Filiz Garip reveals a more accurate picture of Mexico-U.S migration. In the last fifty years there have been four primary waves: a male-dominated migration from rural areas in the 1960s and '70s, a second migration of young men from socioeconomically more well-off families during the 1980s, a migration of women joining spouses already in the United States in the late 1980s and '90s, and a generation of more educated, urban migrants in the late 1990s and early 2000s. For each of these four stages, Garip examines the changing variety of reasons for why people migrate and migrants' perceptions of their opportunities in Mexico and the United States.Looking at Mexico-U.S. migration during the last half century, On the Move uncovers the vast mechanisms underlying the flow of people moving between nations.

Immigrants --- Mexicans --- United States --- Mexico --- Emigration and immigration. --- Emigration and immigration --- Migration. Refugees --- Immigrants - United States --- Mexicans - United States --- United States - Emigration and immigration --- Mexico - Emigration and immigration --- Ethnology --- Immigration Reform and Control Act. --- Mexican immigrants. --- Mexican migrant. --- Mexican migrants. --- Mexico. --- MexicoЕ.S. migration. --- United States. --- better employment. --- border enforcement. --- circular migrants. --- crisis migrants. --- employment opportunity. --- family migrants. --- first-time migrants. --- immigration policy. --- inflation rates. --- male migrants. --- migrant groups. --- migration behavior. --- migration flow. --- migration flows. --- migration patterns. --- migration. --- urban migrants. --- United States of America

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The hub-periphery development pattern of the Guangdong economy, to some extent, is a miniature of that of the Chinese economy. The Pearl River Delta, drawing from its first-nature comparative advantages in factor endowments and proximity to Hong Kong SAR, China, and Macau SAR, China, and the second-nature advantages as first-movers in the reforms in attracting and retaining domestic and foreign resources, has developed into a regional economic center. This paper examines the pattern of inter- and intra-provincial migration and that of the concentration of production, to explore the challenges and opportunities for the success of "double transfer." The paper suggests a four-prong approach, to improve the business environment, support the realization of latent comparative advantages, increase the skill level of the labor force to support the upgrade of the production structure, and protect the vulnerable, to support the inclusive growth of the economy in Guangdong in a sustainable manner.

Capital --- Certain extent --- Cheap labour --- Citizens --- Comparative advantages --- Comparative analysis --- Competitiveness --- Credit --- Development --- Development plans --- Development policy --- Development strategy --- Discrimination --- Disposable income --- Economic development --- Economic growth --- Economic integration --- Economic opportunity --- Economic structure --- Economic theories --- Economic theory & research --- Economic welfare --- Economies of scale --- Economy --- Effective policies --- Empirical analysis --- Environment --- Environmental economics & policies --- Equal access --- Equity --- Exploitation --- Exports --- Financial crisis --- Foreign direct investment --- Forestry --- GDP --- GDP per capita --- Gini coefficient --- Government initiatives --- Growth rate --- Health care --- Health services --- Health, nutrition and population --- Immigration --- Incentives --- Income --- Income inequality --- Industrialization --- Intensive industries --- Internal migration --- International migration --- International migration review --- Investment --- Job creation --- Job training --- Labor force --- Labor market --- Labor policies --- Labor productivity --- Labor supply --- Land --- Large cities --- Life expectancy --- Living standards --- Local governments --- Macroeconomics and economic growth --- Market economy --- Migrant --- Migrant workers --- Migration --- Migration data --- Migration flows --- National development --- National level --- National policies --- National population --- Old-age --- Policy --- Policy discussions --- Policy research --- Policy research working paper --- Pollution --- Population --- Population and development --- Population association --- Population census --- Population migration --- Population policies --- Production --- Progress --- Property --- Public goods --- Public services --- Real GDP --- Real wages --- Regional policy --- Relocation of industries --- Resource allocation --- Resources --- Return migration --- Revenue --- Rural areas --- Rural residents --- Sanitation --- Savings deposits --- Skill level --- Skilled workers --- Social protections and labor --- Social science --- Social security --- Social services --- Spatial distribution --- Sustainable access --- Sustainable development --- Taxes --- Temporary migration --- Trade --- Training --- Training opportunities --- Transportation --- Urban areas --- Urban centers --- Urban migration --- Urban population --- Urbanization --- User fees --- Value --- Value added --- Vocational training --- Vulnerable populations --- Wage differentials --- Wages --- Welfare