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On 20 October 2022, the day that Radboud University celebrated its 99th anniversary, Dr. Katalin Karikó received a Radboud honorary doctorate in recognition of her scientific contributions to developing mRNA-based vaccines. This edition includes the laudatio of the honorary supervisor and the speech of the honorary doctor.Karikó spent years researching medical applications of mRNA. Her dream was to develop synthetic mRNA and use this to cure cancer, strokes, and influenza. Eventually, after years of toil, rejection, and criticism from colleagues, she and fellow researcher Drew Weissman demonstrated that it is possible to trigger an immune response in the body with mRNA without the body turning against the mRNA itself. With this breakthrough, a new revolutionary technique was born.Thanks to Karikó's scientific work, BioNTech/Pfizer and Moderna were able to develop the current mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. A prime example of the beneficial impact that fundamental research can eventually have on society. Honorary supervisor Floris Rutjes, Professor in Organic Synthesis: "With courage and determination, she pursued her scientific vision for a very long time, and by doing so, she has ultimately made a significant contribution to the fight against viral diseases."

Messenger RNA. --- mRNA vaccines. --- Karikó, Katalin.

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Eukaryotes have evolved a wide variety of RNA decay pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis, carry out programs of gene expression, and respond to changing environmental conditions. Individual RNA turnover mechanisms can operate constitutively or under only particular cellular conditions; similarly, some target many RNAs, while others act with great specificity. It has become increasingly clear that there are extensive interactions between viruses and the host RNA decay machinery. Often, the cellular RNA decay machinery poses a threat to viral gene expression, but viruses can also manipulate RNA decay pathways to promote viral replication. This special issue focuses on how cellular RNA decay factors recognize and degrade viral RNAs and viral strategies to subvert or evade these pathways.

Nonsensense-mediated mRNA decay --- RNA decay --- viruses and RNA decay

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Plants, as sessile organisms, are exposed to a large array of challenging external and internal alterations that may restrict plant growth. These limiting growth conditions activate plant signalling responses which eventually target the protein synthesis machinery to rapidly reprogram plant metabolism to adapt to the new situation. Thus, the control of mRNA translation is one key regulatory step of gene expression and it is an essential molecular mechanism used by plants to bring about impressive growth plasticity. Compared to the vast number of studies aimed to identify plant transcriptional changes upon hormonal or environmental cues, the subsequent steps of mRNA transport, stability, storage, and eventually translational regulation, have been less studied in plants. This lack of knowledge concerns not only the fate of protein-coding transcripts in plants, but also the biogenesis and maturation of rRNAs, tRNAs and the plant translation factors involved. In this eBook we have focused on how internal cues and external signals of either biotic or abiotic origin impact translation to adjust plant growth and development. We have collected altogether ten scientific contributions to extend the knowledge on plant post-transcriptional and translational events that regulate the production of proteins that execute the required cellular functions. We hope that this compilation of original research articles and reviews will provide the readers with a detailed update on the state of knowledge in this field, and also with additional motivation to improve plant growth adaptation to future environmental challenges.

mRNA translation --- post-transcriptional regulation --- translatome --- translation factors --- organellar gene expression --- mRNA translation --- post-transcriptional regulation --- translatome --- translation factors --- organellar gene expression

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The formulation and the technological advancements in RNA biology, chemistry, stability, and encapsulated delivery systems that have enabled the development of fully synthetic mRNA vaccines are discussed in this volume. The applications of the mRNA technology is covered, focusing on infectious diseases but also touching on other indications, such as immunotherapies and molecular therapies. Potent and long-lasting immune responses observed in animal models, encouraging data from early human clinical studies, together with the success of two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines support the use of mRNA-based vaccination as an attractive alternative to conventional vaccine approaches. Consequently, the development progress of the technology, particularly on production, capabilities, and clinical development is reviewed. Topics on safety, regulatory issues, and possible challenges to the mRNA vaccination approach round off this book. Thanks to their high potency, the prospect for generic, low-cost manufacturing processes, and entirely synthetic nature, the future for mRNA vaccines is highly promising. Importantly, mRNA vaccines have the potential to minimize the time between pathogen identification and vaccine release with a huge impact on public health. As the mRNA-based vaccination technology has been progressing rapidly, the book is intended to be an end-to-end review series, covering everything from basic RNA biology and preclinical studies to the manufacturing strategy, clinical development and regulatory approval. It provides established RNA researchers and developers with updates on the latest advancements in the field and allows for a quick but comprehensive overview of this transformative technology, its application, and future potential.

mRNA vaccines. --- Messenger RNA vaccines --- Naked RNA vaccines --- RNA vaccines --- Synthetic vaccines --- Immunologia --- Vacunes --- RNA

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical genetics --- RNA --- translational control --- RNA-binding proteins --- mRNA localization --- development --- disease