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The Special Issue, “Architectural Structure,” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations. This Special Issue brings together twelve contributions covering the following topics: analysis of architectural typologies; the study of the mechanical performance of structural materials, structural systems and components; and the proposal of techniques to evaluate the mechanical performance in existing structures and new construction techniques.

History of engineering & technology --- recycled aggregate concrete --- block masonry --- compressive strength --- carbon emission --- stress–strain curves --- outrigger wall --- multiple openings --- deep beam --- stiffness --- shear strength --- tall building --- inverted multi tee --- prestressed concrete --- precast concrete --- structural performance --- flexural analysis --- self-compacting concrete --- non-destructive test methods --- ultrasonic pulse velocity test --- surface hardness test --- pull-out test --- maturity test --- within-test variability --- normal vibrated concrete --- concrete structures --- beams &amp --- girders --- torsion --- high-strength concrete --- prestressing --- traditional slabs --- ceramic-reinforced slabs --- shear response --- cyclic loading --- natural fiber-reinforced polymers --- NFRP --- computational design --- tailored fiber placement --- coreless filament winding --- rapid prototyping --- industry 4.0 --- lightweight structure --- Geopolymer --- Alkali activated --- tensile strength --- deformability --- experimental study --- analytical model --- reinforced concrete --- beams --- fly ash alkali activated --- bending --- thin-walled I-section --- continuous beam --- local buckling --- longitudinal stress variation --- design ultimate resistance of the cross-section --- Rudolf Steiner --- anthroposophy --- architecture --- Goetheanum --- double-steel-concrete composite shear walls --- axial and bending capacity --- failure characteristic --- n/a --- stress-strain curves

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The Special Issue, “Architectural Structure,” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations. This Special Issue brings together twelve contributions covering the following topics: analysis of architectural typologies; the study of the mechanical performance of structural materials, structural systems and components; and the proposal of techniques to evaluate the mechanical performance in existing structures and new construction techniques.

recycled aggregate concrete --- block masonry --- compressive strength --- carbon emission --- stress–strain curves --- outrigger wall --- multiple openings --- deep beam --- stiffness --- shear strength --- tall building --- inverted multi tee --- prestressed concrete --- precast concrete --- structural performance --- flexural analysis --- self-compacting concrete --- non-destructive test methods --- ultrasonic pulse velocity test --- surface hardness test --- pull-out test --- maturity test --- within-test variability --- normal vibrated concrete --- concrete structures --- beams &amp --- girders --- torsion --- high-strength concrete --- prestressing --- traditional slabs --- ceramic-reinforced slabs --- shear response --- cyclic loading --- natural fiber-reinforced polymers --- NFRP --- computational design --- tailored fiber placement --- coreless filament winding --- rapid prototyping --- industry 4.0 --- lightweight structure --- Geopolymer --- Alkali activated --- tensile strength --- deformability --- experimental study --- analytical model --- reinforced concrete --- beams --- fly ash alkali activated --- bending --- thin-walled I-section --- continuous beam --- local buckling --- longitudinal stress variation --- design ultimate resistance of the cross-section --- Rudolf Steiner --- anthroposophy --- architecture --- Goetheanum --- double-steel-concrete composite shear walls --- axial and bending capacity --- failure characteristic --- n/a --- stress-strain curves

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Modern engineering design processes are driven by the extensive use of numerical simulations; naval architecture and ocean engineering are no exception. Computational power has been improved over the last few decades; therefore, the integration of different tools such as CAD, FEM, CFD, and CAM has enabled complex modeling and manufacturing problems to be solved in a more feasible way. Classical naval design methodology can take advantage of this integration, giving rise to more robust designs in terms of shape, structural and hydrodynamic performances, and the manufacturing process.This Special Issue invites researchers and engineers from both academia and the industry to publish the latest progress in design and manufacturing techniques in marine engineering and to debate the current issues and future perspectives in this research area. Suitable topics for this issue include, but are not limited to, the following:CAD-based approaches for designing the hull and appendages of sailing and engine-powered boats and comparisons with traditional techniques;Finite element method applications to predict the structural performance of the whole boat or of a portion of it, with particular attention to the modeling of the material used;Embedded measurement systems for structural health monitoring;Determination of hydrodynamic efficiency using experimental, numerical, or semi-empiric methods for displacement and planning hulls;Topology optimization techniques to overcome traditional scantling criteria based on international standards;Applications of additive manufacturing to derive innovative shapes for internal reinforcements or sandwich hull structures.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- wave compensation platform --- 3-SPR parallel platform --- 3-RPS parallel platform --- structure optimization --- workspace analysis --- level 4 sea state --- cryogenic tank --- boil-off gas (BOG) --- boil-off rate (BOR) --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- liquid nitrogen --- near-bottom zooplankton --- multi-net --- visible sampling --- fidelity --- deep sea --- sailing yacht design --- rational Bézier curves --- VBA --- excel --- CAD --- VPP --- computational fluid dynamics --- hull design --- air cavity ships --- hull ventilation --- stepped planing hull --- Cartesian adaptive grids --- immersed boundaries --- LES simulation --- velocity prediction program --- numerical optimization --- High-Fidelity analysis --- geometric parameterization --- multihull design --- finite element method --- FSI --- sail design --- gennaker --- sail loads --- biomimetic design --- lightweight structure --- computer fluid dynamics --- design for additive manufacturing --- autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) --- collision avoidance planning --- deep reinforcement learning (DRL) --- double-DQN (D-DQN) --- computational model --- oscillating water column --- wave energy converter --- turbulent flows --- Savonius turbine --- wave compensation platform --- 3-SPR parallel platform --- 3-RPS parallel platform --- structure optimization --- workspace analysis --- level 4 sea state --- cryogenic tank --- boil-off gas (BOG) --- boil-off rate (BOR) --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- liquid nitrogen --- near-bottom zooplankton --- multi-net --- visible sampling --- fidelity --- deep sea --- sailing yacht design --- rational Bézier curves --- VBA --- excel --- CAD --- VPP --- computational fluid dynamics --- hull design --- air cavity ships --- hull ventilation --- stepped planing hull --- Cartesian adaptive grids --- immersed boundaries --- LES simulation --- velocity prediction program --- numerical optimization --- High-Fidelity analysis --- geometric parameterization --- multihull design --- finite element method --- FSI --- sail design --- gennaker --- sail loads --- biomimetic design --- lightweight structure --- computer fluid dynamics --- design for additive manufacturing --- autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) --- collision avoidance planning --- deep reinforcement learning (DRL) --- double-DQN (D-DQN) --- computational model --- oscillating water column --- wave energy converter --- turbulent flows --- Savonius turbine

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This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes.

Technology: general issues --- tube hydroforming --- small-diameter tube --- magnesium alloy --- warm working --- deformation characteristics --- forming defects --- forming limit --- bellows forming --- vision-based sensor --- fuzzy control --- semi-dieless forming --- local heating --- metal spinning --- tube forming --- incremental forming --- numerical control --- hydroforming --- overlapping blank --- variable-diameter part --- thickness --- ultra-thin walled tube --- tube bending --- laminated mandrel --- rotary draw bending --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- deformation property --- lightweight structure --- bending --- formability --- numerical methods --- processing technology --- crash safety --- hot bending --- partial-quench --- FEM --- strip friction test --- friction coefficient --- surface roughness --- sliding speed --- contact pressure --- movable die --- loading path --- finite element simulation --- irregular bellows --- metal tube --- planetary ball dies --- diameter reduction process --- forming limits --- biaxial stretching --- forming limit measurement --- experimental design --- strain rate sensitivity --- elevated temperatures --- pneumatic forming --- drawing --- flaring --- tube expansion --- plug drawing --- thickness reduction --- hydro-flanging --- punch head shape --- finite element analysis --- alumimum alloy --- tube bulging test --- formability test --- biaxial strain --- local rubber bulging --- cutout shape --- slit length --- two-layer tube --- rigid plasticity --- arbitrary yield criterion --- arbitrary hardening law --- analytic solution --- magnesium alloy tube --- warm hydroforming --- non-uniform temperature field --- protrusion type forming --- wall thickness distribution --- coupled thermal-structural analysis --- optimization --- tube hydroforming --- small-diameter tube --- magnesium alloy --- warm working --- deformation characteristics --- forming defects --- forming limit --- bellows forming --- vision-based sensor --- fuzzy control --- semi-dieless forming --- local heating --- metal spinning --- tube forming --- incremental forming --- numerical control --- hydroforming --- overlapping blank --- variable-diameter part --- thickness --- ultra-thin walled tube --- tube bending --- laminated mandrel --- rotary draw bending --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- deformation property --- lightweight structure --- bending --- formability --- numerical methods --- processing technology --- crash safety --- hot bending --- partial-quench --- FEM --- strip friction test --- friction coefficient --- surface roughness --- sliding speed --- contact pressure --- movable die --- loading path --- finite element simulation --- irregular bellows --- metal tube --- planetary ball dies --- diameter reduction process --- forming limits --- biaxial stretching --- forming limit measurement --- experimental design --- strain rate sensitivity --- elevated temperatures --- pneumatic forming --- drawing --- flaring --- tube expansion --- plug drawing --- thickness reduction --- hydro-flanging --- punch head shape --- finite element analysis --- alumimum alloy --- tube bulging test --- formability test --- biaxial strain --- local rubber bulging --- cutout shape --- slit length --- two-layer tube --- rigid plasticity --- arbitrary yield criterion --- arbitrary hardening law --- analytic solution --- magnesium alloy tube --- warm hydroforming --- non-uniform temperature field --- protrusion type forming --- wall thickness distribution --- coupled thermal-structural analysis --- optimization

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• Reference Manager
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This Special Issue and Book, ‘Latest Hydroforming Technology of Metallic Tubes and Sheets’, includes 16 papers, which cover the state of the art of forming technologies in the relevant topics in the field. The technologies and methodologies presented in these papers will be very helpful for scientists, engineers, and technicians in product development or forming technology innovation related to tube hydroforming processes.

tube hydroforming --- small-diameter tube --- magnesium alloy --- warm working --- deformation characteristics --- forming defects --- forming limit --- bellows forming --- vision-based sensor --- fuzzy control --- semi-dieless forming --- local heating --- metal spinning --- tube forming --- incremental forming --- numerical control --- hydroforming --- overlapping blank --- variable-diameter part --- thickness --- ultra-thin walled tube --- tube bending --- laminated mandrel --- rotary draw bending --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- deformation property --- lightweight structure --- bending --- formability --- numerical methods --- processing technology --- crash safety --- hot bending --- partial-quench --- FEM --- strip friction test --- friction coefficient --- surface roughness --- sliding speed --- contact pressure --- movable die --- loading path --- finite element simulation --- irregular bellows --- metal tube --- planetary ball dies --- diameter reduction process --- forming limits --- biaxial stretching --- forming limit measurement --- experimental design --- strain rate sensitivity --- elevated temperatures --- pneumatic forming --- drawing --- flaring --- tube expansion --- plug drawing --- thickness reduction --- hydro-flanging --- punch head shape --- finite element analysis --- alumimum alloy --- tube bulging test --- formability test --- biaxial strain --- local rubber bulging --- cutout shape --- slit length --- two-layer tube --- rigid plasticity --- arbitrary yield criterion --- arbitrary hardening law --- analytic solution --- magnesium alloy tube --- warm hydroforming --- non-uniform temperature field --- protrusion type forming --- wall thickness distribution --- coupled thermal-structural analysis --- optimization --- n/a